Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Introduction: New Frontiers in Hospitality and Tourism Management in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptualising and Linking Hospitality, Tourism and Management -- 3 Researching the Management of Hospitality and Tourism in Africa -- 4 Structure and Contributions of the Book -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Managing Tourism for Economic Development in Africa: Past, Prospects and Policy Implications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical Account of Tourism Development in Selected African Countries -- 3 Country Specific Case Studies -- 3.1 Mauritius -- 3.2 Morocco -- 3.3 Tunisia -- 3.4 Kenya -- 3.5 Tanzania -- 3.6 Namibia -- 4 Trend of Tourism Development in African Countries -- 5 Recent Account of Tourism as a Tool for Economic Development -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Destination Personality as Predictor of Symbolic Consumption in Nigeriaś Tourism Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development -- 2.1 Self-Congruity Theory -- 2.2 Destination Personality -- 2.3 Destination Personality and Symbolic Consumption -- 2.4 Destination Personality and Brand Identification -- 2.5 Destination Personality and Lifestyle Congruence -- 2.6 Destination Personality and Self-Congruence -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Research and Study Setting -- 3.2 Sample and Data Collection -- 3.3 Variables and Measures -- 3.4 Dependent Variable -- 3.5 Independent Variable (Predictor) -- 4 Results and Findings -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Recommendations -- 7 Conclusion -- 8 Limitation and Future Research Direction -- References -- Southern Africaś Morphing into a MICE Tourism Space: Critical Insights for Institutional Investors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 MICE Concept -- 3 MICE Tourism in Africa -- 4 Contingency Management Perspective -- 5 Methods -- 5.1 Research Approach and Sampling.

5.2 Methods of Data Collection -- 5.3 Data Analysis -- 6 Findings and Discussion -- 6.1 State of the Southern Africa MICE Sector -- 6.2 MICE Tourism Growth Prospects and Opportunities for Institutional Investors -- 6.3 Southern Africa MICE Amenities and Prestigious Events Held -- 6.4 MICE Sector Challenges -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- A Holistic Approach to Event Portfolios Towards Achieving Strategic Leveraging Objectives: The Case of Cape Town in South Afri... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Event Leveraging Theory -- 2.2 Strategic Planning of Comprehensive Event Portfolios -- 2.2.1 A Theoretical Perspective -- 2.2.2 A Practical Perspective -- 2.2.3 A Policy Perspective -- 2.3 The Role of Stakeholders in Policy Development -- 2.3.1 Methodology -- 3 Findings and Discussions -- 3.1 The Importance of Events for Achieving Leveraging Objectives -- 3.2 Integrated Events Strategy: A Sustainable Agenda for the Western Cape -- 3.2.1 A Balanced Portfolio of Events -- 3.2.2 Opportunities for New Events -- 3.3 Policy Insights: Key Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities in Event Portfolio Support -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Investigating the Dialogic Communications Potential of the Botswana Trade and Investment Centre Website for Destination Brandi... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Underpinning: Media Richness Theory -- 3 Kent and Taylorś (1998) Dialogic Principles -- 4 Destination Awareness -- 5 Destination Image -- 6 Context of the Study -- 7 Methodology -- 7.1 Measures -- 7.2 Sample and Data Collection -- 7.3 Analytical Methods -- 8 Results -- 8.1 Measurement Model -- 9 Structural Model Assessment -- 10 Mediation Analysis -- 11 Conclusion -- 12 Theoretical and Managerial Implications -- 13 Limitations and Future Research Directions -- References.

Nation Branding: The Nation Brand as a Destination Marketing Axiom for African Tourism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Africaś Tourism Destination Marketing Challenge -- 3 Theoretical Perspective on the Nation Branding: Tourism Nexus -- 3.1 Behavioural Economic Theory -- 3.2 Nation Branding and the Nation Brand Hexagon -- 3.3 The Nation Brand as a Destination Marketing Axiom -- 4 Research Method -- 5 Findings and Discussion -- 5.1 Managing Nation Branding for Tourism in South Africa, Rwanda, and Egypt -- 5.2 Key Lessons from South Africa -- 6 Conclusion -- 6.1 The Short-Term Horizon of Nation Branding and Tourism in Africa -- 6.2 The Medium to the Long-Term Horizon of Nation Branding and Tourism -- 6.3 Limitations and Future Research -- References -- Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review of Supply Chain Management in Relation to Hospitality and Tourism Sector in Africa -- 2.1 Understanding Tourism Supply Chain Management -- 2.2 Supply Chain Management in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector -- 3 Key Opportunities and Challenges in the Hospitality and Tourism Business in Africa -- 4 New Frontiers Facing the Hospitality and Tourism Services: The Role of ICTs in Africa -- 5 Disruption by the Sharing Economy: The Case of Airbnb -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Contribution to the Theory and Research Implications -- 8 Managerial Implications -- 9 Policy Implication -- 10 Conclusion -- 11 Limitations and Future Research -- References -- The Sharing Economy in the African Context: Implications for the Hospitality Industry -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Africapitalism and Ubuntu -- 3 Social Exchange Theory -- 4 The Sharing Economy in Africaś Hospitality and Tourism Industry -- 5 The Nature of Participation in the Sharing Economy -- 6 Conclusions.

6.1 Opportunities and Challenges of the Sharing Economy in the Hospitality Industry -- 6.2 Managerial Implications -- 6.3 Theoretical Implications -- References -- Determinants of Micro-entrepreneurship in Urban Tourist Centres of Sierra Leone and Morocco -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Understanding the Determinants of Tourism Micro-entrepreneurship in Africa -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Tourism Micro-entrepreneurship in Sierra Leone and Morocco -- 4.1 Micro-entrepreneurship in Tourist Centres of Freetown, Sierra Leone -- 4.2 Micro-entrepreneurship in Tourist Centres of Agadir, Morocco -- 5 Discussion: The Determinants of Tourism Micro-entrepreneurship in Urban Africa -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Awareness and Usage of Government Policies by Women Tourism Entrepreneurs in Cameroon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Understanding the Awareness and Usage of Policies by Entrepreneurs -- 2.2 The Context of Hospitality SMEs in Cameroon -- 3 Research Methods -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 Awareness of Government Policies by Women Entrepreneurs -- 4.2 Usage of Government Policies by Women Entrepreneurs -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Managing Sports for Domestic Tourism Promotion in the African Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Sport Tourism in the African Context -- 2.2 Destination Marketing and Branding -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Study Setting -- 3.2 Research Methods -- 4 Findings and Discussions -- 4.1 Group and Travel Dynamics of Sport Tourists -- 4.2 Marketing and Branding Opportunities -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Management Practices in the Okavango Delta, Botswana -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tourism, Community Development and Corporate Social Responsibility -- 3 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability -- 4 Methods -- 5 Data Collection and Analysis.

6 Results and Discussions -- 6.1 Pro Environmental Practices: Sources of Energy Used -- 6.2 Waste Management, Collection and Usage -- 6.3 Other Environmentally Friendly Practices -- 6.4 Environmental Concerns -- 6.5 Community Social Responsibility and Community Development -- 7 Conclusion -- 8 Limitations and Future Research -- References -- Re-Imagining Community-Based Tourism in Rural Africa Through Networks and Management Innovation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Understanding Community-Based Tourism Through MI and Networks -- 2.1 Management Innovation -- 2.2 Actor-Network Theory -- 2.3 Managing Community-Based Tourism -- 3 Method -- 4 CASE 1: Community-Based Tourism a Management in South Africa -- 4.1 Bringing Actors Together to Pursue a Communal Agenda: Getting the Land -- 4.2 ANT Win-Win Situation: Setting the Game Reserve -- 4.3 Sharing of Benefits and Skills Development -- 4.4 Conflict Management Innovations -- 5 CASE 2: Community-Based Tourism Management in Ghana -- 5.1 Assembling and Recruiting Actors for Innovative KNP Development -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on International Tourist Flows in the Middle East and Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regional Trade Agreements and International Tourist Flows -- 3 Empirical Model -- 4 Data -- 4.1 Dependent Variable -- 4.2 Explanatory Variable -- 4.3 Control Variables -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Empirical Estimation Results -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- The Future of Hospitality and Tourism Management in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Understanding Hospitality and Tourism Management in Africa -- 3 Hospitality and Tourism Management in a COVID-19 Africa -- 3.1 COVID-19 Impacts on Africaś Tourism Sector -- 3.2 Responses to the Impact of COVID-19 for Hospitality and Tourism -- 4 Future Research Directions -- 5 Conclusion -- References.