1. The rise of grassroots biodiversity activism and the rebirth of environmentalism : Grassroots biodiversity groups and the U.S. environmental movement ; Three grassroots biodiversity protection campaigns ; Elements of success ; The death of environmentalism or the rebirth of environmentalism? -- 2. Origins of the grassroots biodiversity groups : Origins of the modern environmental movement ; National environmental organizations ; Earth First! ; Grassroots biodiversity groups -- 3. Never mind the nationals: the Headwaters Forest campaign : Redwoods, Earth First! and the origins of the Headwaters Forest Campaign ; EPIC, the Sierra Club, and litigation ; Forests Forever and the Grand Accord ; Focus on Headwaters Forest ; New organizations and tactics ; The September 15th Rally of 1995 ; The Headwaters Forest Coordinating Committee ; The September 15th Rally of 1996 and the deal ; Funding issues ; Divisions over the deal ; Organizing challenges in the wake of the deal announcement ; Increasing repression: pepper spray and the death of David "Gypsy" Chain ; New allies: salmon protection, rural communities, and steelworkers ; The culmination of the deal ; Was the Headwaters deal a victory? ; After the deal ; The legacy of the Headwaters Campaign -- 4. Transforming a national: the John Muir Sierrans and the Zero-Cut campaign : Old-growth forests and the northern spotted owl ; Origins of Zero Cut: protect our woods and heartwood ; Growth of Zero Cut: the Native Forest Council ; Reforming the Sierra Club: origins of the John Muir Sierrans ; The salvage rider ; Chad Hanson and the Second Ballot Initiative ; John Muir Project and the National Forest Protection and Restoration Act ; The Sierra Club Board of Directors ; Beyond the Sierra Club: timber sale litigation and the National Forest Protection Alliance ; The roadless rule and the Heritage Forests Campaign ; Fire and funding during the George W. Bush years ; Achieving more by being bold -- 5. Becoming a national: the Center for Biological Diversity and endangered species litigation : The Endangered Species Act ; Jasper Carlton and the Earth First! biodiversity project ; Origins of the Center for Biological Diversity ; The Mexican spotted owl injunction ; Applying the ESA to new issues ; Early organizational growth ; Relationship to the nationals: the Endangered Species Coalition and ESA reauthorization ; Relationship to the Clinton administration: struggles over listing and critical habitat ; Expanding beyond the Southwest ; Continued growth amid the George W. Bush years ; Becoming a national: getting it right by doing it wrong -- 6. Boldness has genius: the lessons of grassroots biodiversity activism for the campaign against global warming : Achieving success by avoiding constraints ; Rethinking the relationship between the grassroots and the nationals ; Grassroots activism and global warming -- Afterword: Arrival of the Obama administration -- Appendix : Origins of four biodiversity protection laws.