Cover -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Interactions Between Agaricus bisporus and the Pathogen Verticillium fungicola -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pathogen Variability -- 3. Extra-Cellular Enzyme Production -- 4. Screening for Resistance -- 5. Fungal Transformation -- 6. Molecular Interactions of Verticillium and Agaricus -- 7. Functional Characterisation of Host-Pathogen Response Genes -- 8. Future Work -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. Environmental Fluxes and Fungal Interactions: Maintaining a Competitive Edge -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Environmental Factors and Competitiveness Based on Mycelial Interactions -- 3. Niche Overlap, Environmental Factors and Competitiveness -- 4. Role of Secondary Metabolites in Maintaining a Competitive Edge -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. Intracellular Mycoparasites in Action: Interactions Between Powdery Mildew Fungi and Ampelomyces -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Details of the Mycoparasitic Interaction -- 3. Mycoparasitism as a Biotic Stress for the Parasitized Fungi -- 4. Other Fungal Antagonists of Powdery Mildew Fungi -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 4. The Population Dynamical Consequences of Density Dependence in Fungal Plant Pathogens -- 1. Biotic Stress -- 2. Competition -- 3. Synergism -- 4. Multi-Trophic Interactions -- 5. Population Stress -- References -- Chapter 5. Differences in Stress Responses Between Model and Pathogenic Fungi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stress Responses and Virulence -- 3. Stress Responses in the Host -- 4. Stress Responses In Vitro -- 5. Regulation of Stress-Induced Gene Expression -- 6. Stress Responses in C. Glabrata -- 7. Conclusions: Specialised Stress Responses in Candida -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Chapter 6. The Remarkably Diverse Pathogenicity Effectors of the Obligate Oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica -- 1. Plants have Several Layers of Resistance Mechanisms -- 2. Oomycete and Malarial Pathogencity Effectors Reveal a Conserved Motif -- 3. Oomycete Genomics will Revolutionise Analysis of Plant Immune Systems -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7. Ace2 and Fungal Virulence -- 1. Introduction to Ace2 -- 2. Mitotic Exit and Regulation of Ace2 -- 3. Ram: Regulation of ACE2 and Cellular Morphogenesis -- 4. Ace2 and Fungal Virulence -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8. Integrative Analysis of Yeast Osmoregulation -- 1. Osmoregulation: Maintaining the Water Balance -- 2. Time Line: Response to Osmotic Shock -- 3. The HOG Signalling System -- 4. Cytosolic Responses -- 5. Fps1 -- 6. Transcriptional Responses -- 7. Feedback Control -- 8. Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9. Oxidative Stress, Fragmentation and Cell Death During Bioreactor Growth of Filamentous Fungi -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fragmentation of Fungal Hyphae in Submerged Culture -- 3. Oxidative Stress in Fungal Fermentations -- 4. Cell Death During Fed-Batch Cultivation of A. Niger and T. Reesei -- 5. Differences in the Patterns of Cell Death and Fragmentation Between A. Niger and T. Reesei During Fed-Batch Cultivation -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10. Weak Organic Acid Resistance of Spoilage Yeasts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How Weak Organic Carboxylic Acids Act on S. Cerevisiae -- 3. The Different Routes to Weak Acid Adaptation by S. Cerevisiae -- 4. Hog1p-Dependent Degradation of Fps1p is the Key Determinant of Acetate Resistance -- 5. Overcoming the Constant Weak Acid stress Imposed on S. Cerevisiae by the Presence of Moderately Lipophilic Organic Acids -- Acknowledgements.

References -- Chapter 11. Heavy Metal Pollution and Genetic Adaptations in Ectomycorrhizal Fungi -- 1. Metal Toxicity Triggers Evolutionary Processes in Plants and their Associated Microorganisms -- 2. Mycorrhizal Fungi in Metal-Polluted Soils -- 3. Metal-Tolerant Mycorrhizal Fungi -- 4. Mechanisms of Metal Tolerance -- 5. Does Adaptive Metal Tolerance in the Mycorrhizal Fungus Increase Host Plant Fitness? -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12. Lichens and Metals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metal Influences on the Composition of Lichen Communities Growing on Rocks and Soils -- 3. Metal Influences on the Composition of Lichen Communities Growing on Trees -- 4. Metal Uptake and Extracellular Localisation -- 5. Effects of Trace Metals at the Cellular Level -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 13. Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Stress -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Problems with Filamentous Fungi -- 3. Nutritional Stress -- 4. Fertilization and N-Deposition -- 5. Effects of Liming and Wood-Ash Additions -- 6. Toxic Metals and Oxidative Stress -- 7. Water Stress -- 8. Fragmentation and Disruption of Carbon Supply -- 9. Grazing -- 10. Microbial Interactions -- 11. Competition for Host Roots„Evolution and Specificity -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 14. Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Yeast by Oxidative Stress -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Translation Initiation is a Key Regulated Step in Gene Expression -- 3. Regulation of Translation Initiation in Yeast -- 4. Regulation of Translation Elongation -- 5. mRNA-Specific Translational Control -- 6. Adaptation to Oxidant Stress -- 7. Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 15. Cell Differentiation as a Response to Oxidative Stress -- 1. Dioxygen has Shaped Life on Earth -- 2. Ros and Cell Differentiation in Eukaryotic Microorganisms.

3. Ros and Cell Differentiation in Neurospora -- 4. The Development of N. Crassa in Null Mutant Strains Affected in Genes Encoding Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Enzymes -- References -- Chapter 16. Signalling and Defences Against Oxidative Stress in Candida albicans -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Map Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways -- 3. Transcription Factors -- 4. Defences Against Oxidative Stress -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 17. Oxidant-Specific Protein Folding During Fungal Oxidative Stress: Activation and Function of the Yap1p Transcription Factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Colour Section -- Subject Index.