Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- PART I INTRODUCTION AND CORE CONCEPTS -- 1 Good and Evil -- WHAT IS GOODNESS, WHAT IS EVIL? -- THE PROGRESSIVE INCREASE IN, OR EVOLUTION OF, GOODNESS AND EVIL, AND THE ROLE OF BYSTANDERS -- THE POWER OF CIRCUMSTANCE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF WHO WE ARE -- HUMAN NATURE, GOODNESS, AND EVIL -- ARE GOOD AND EVIL CULTURALLY RELATIVE? -- GOOD AND EVIL AS OPPOSITES -- GOOD AND EVIL IN INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS -- SPIRITUALITY, GOODNESS, AND EVIL -- THEMES OF THIS BOOK: ORGANIZATION BY TOPICS -- Notes -- 2 Studying the Pivotal Role of Bystanders -- STOPPING POLICE BRUTALITY -- THE PATH TO ATROCITY -- 3 Studying and Promoting Altruism and Studying and Working to Prevent Genocide -- INTRODUCTION -- FROM SURVIVAL TO BECOMING A PSYCHOLOGIST -- FROM COMMUNIST HUNGARY TO THE UNITED STATES -- RESEARCH -- THE IMPACT OF THE HOLOCAUST ON ME -- WHERE AM I, AT THIS TIME IN MY LIFE? -- References -- 4 Is Evil a Useful Concept for Psychologists and Others? -- References -- 5 Basic Human Needs and Their Role in Altruism and Aggression -- BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS -- IDENTIFYING NEEDS: AN ANALYSIS OF GROUP VIOLENCE -- BASIC NEEDS: DEFINITIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS -- FURTHER CONSEQUENCES OF THE FULFILLMENT OF BASIC NEEDS -- References -- PART II THE ROOTS OF HELPING OTHER PEOPLE IN NEED IN CONTRAST TO PASSIVITY -- 6 Helping a Distressed Person -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SOME RECENT RESEARCH ON HELPING BEHAVIOR -- III. MOTIVES FOR HELPING (AND NOT HELPING) OTHERS -- IV. THE SITUATION AND THE PERSON AS DETERMINANTS OF HELPING BEHAVIOR -- V. THE EFFECTS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STIMULUS FOR HELP AND OF SURROUNDING CONDITIONS ON HELPING BEHAVIOR -- VI. INFLUENCES THAT CONFLICT WITH HELPING: IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT RULES OF APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR -- VII. INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCES ON HELPING: THE EFFECT OF ANOTHER ONLOOKER DEFINING" THE STIMULUS AND THE APPROPRIATE" -- VIII. PERSONALITY, COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT PERMISSIBLE BEHAVIOR, AND HELPING UNDER LIFELIKE'' CONDITIONS -- IX. GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 7 Spontaneous (or Impulsive) Helping -- References -- 8 Social and Prosocial Behavior -- SITUATIONAL AND PERSONAL INFLUENCES -- THE MEANING AND NATURE OF INTERACTION -- A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR -- OTHER PERSONALITY INFLUENCES -- DIMENSIONS OF SITUATIONS RELEVANT TO HELPING -- SUPPORTING RESEARCH -- References -- 9 The Power to Help Others -- WHAT VALUES ARE MOST IMPORTANT TO PEOPLE WHO CONSISTENTLY HELP OTHERS? -- DO OTHER-ORIENTED VALUES PRODUCE HELPING? -- WHAT ARE TRULY OTHER-ORIENTED GOALS? -- DO SELF-ORIENTED GOALS AUTOMATICALLY MEAN LESS HELPING? -- HOW HELPING MAKES YOU FEEL GOOD -- HOW HEALTH AND WELL-BEING RELATE TO HELPING -- WHICH IS THE MORE HELPFUL SEX? -- THOSE HELPFUL THIRTYSOMETHINGS -- THE ROOTS OF HELPING: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED? -- PART III HOW CHILDREN BECOME CARING AND HELPFUL RATHER THAN HOSTILE AND AGGRESSIVE -- 10 The Origins of Caring, Helping, and Nonaggression -- CHILD REARING THAT PROMOTES CARING, HELPING, AND NONAGGRESSION -- THE INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY AS A SYSTEM -- References -- 11 Natural Socialization -- FOCUSING RESPONSIBILITY ON C.