Front Cover -- Improving Sustainable Viticulture and Winemaking Practices -- Improving Sustainable Viticulture and Winemaking Practices -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgment to the external reviewers -- About the cover -- 1 - Achieving a more sustainable wine supply chain-Environmental and socioeconomic issues of the industry -- 1.1 Sustainability concept and issues -- 1.2 The state of the wine industry-short overview -- 1.2.1 The wine industry worldwide -- 1.2.2 Risks and concerns of the modern wine industry -- 1.3 Sustainability issues in wine industry -- 1.3.1 Vineyard issues -- 1.3.2 Winemaking issues -- 1.3.3 Supply chain issues -- 1.3.3.1 General aspects -- 1.3.3.2 Metrics and analytical tools to assess supply chain performance -- 1.4 Legislation, standards, and certification of the wine sector-focus on the EU -- 1.4.1 Legislation issues for sustainable soil and water management -- 1.4.2 Wine quality certification issues: origin, quality, and socioenvironmentally sound -- 1.5 Future prospects -- References -- Further reading -- 2 - Exploiting genetic diversity to improve environmental sustainability of Mediterranean vineyards -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Origin of cultivated grapevine and actual grapevine diversity -- 2.3 Intercultivar variability in the physiological response to water stress -- 2.4 Intracultivar variability in the physiological response to changing environments -- 2.5 Rootstocks selection for better performance under semiarid conditions -- 2.6 Progress in genomics tools and new breeding technologies -- 2.7 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 - Optimizing conservation and evaluation of intravarietal grapevine diversity -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Grapevine methodology for conservation, evaluation, and selection within a variety.

3.2.1 Representative sampling of intravarietal diversity -- 3.2.2 Conservation of intravarietal diversity -- 3.2.3 Evaluation of intravarietal diversity and polyclonal selection -- 3.2.4 Establishment of multienvironmental trials for clonal selection -- 3.3 Advances in the methods for evaluation of genetic intravarietal grapevine diversity -- 3.4 Practical applications in Portugal -- 3.5 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 - Phenotyping for drought tolerance in grapevine populations: the challenge of heterogeneous field conditions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Phenotyping large populations in the field: the challenge of soil heterogeneity -- 4.2.1 Variations in soil characteristics hinder drought tolerance studies -- 4.2.2 Statistical methods to handle soil heterogeneity and spatial variations -- 4.2.3 Phenotyping for plant performance under water deficit: which traits for high-throughput measurements in the field? -- 4.3 Detection of genetic variability for water-use efficiency in field conditions: a case study -- 4.3.1 Experimental setup -- 4.3.2 Contrasted soil water scenarios established over the two years -- 4.3.3 Spatial distribution of predawn leaf water potential within the field -- 4.3.4 Relationship between carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and predawn leaf water potential -- 4.3.5 δ13C correction procedure and effect of irrigation regimes on δ13C measured on the whole progeny -- 4.3.6 Genetic variability of δ13C and QTL detection -- 4.4 Main outcomes -- 4.4.1 Taking into account spatial heterogeneity of soil water deficit within blocks improves statistical power for QTL detection -- 4.4.2 QTL detection under field conditions reveals new genomic regions as compared to those obtained on potted plants in phenotyp.

4.4.3 Minimal predawn leaf water potential in control plots was the best predictor of δ13C measured in must -- 4.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 - Soil management in sustainable viticultural systems: an agroecological evaluation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sustainable management systems and their properties toward the avoidance of soil threats and the provision of soil ES -- 5.2.1 Avoidance of soil compaction -- 5.2.2 Erosion control -- 5.2.3 Water quality and supply -- 5.2.4 Avoidance of contamination for habitat provision -- 5.2.5 Biodiversity conservation -- 5.2.6 Biomass production -- 5.2.7 Climate regulation -- 5.3 Implications for future soil management of vineyards -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 - Vineyard water balance and use -- 6.1 The water balance concept: from the single leaf to the whole vineyard -- 6.2 Grapevine water status assessment: from soil to atmosphere -- 6.2.1 Main indicators of soil-plant-atmosphere water status -- 6.3 Vineyard water needs: crop coefficients in relation to vegetative development (LAI) and reproductive cycle. Crop stress coe ... -- 6.4 Water-saving strategies and irrigation scheduling -- 6.5 Use of nonconventional water for irrigation: wastewater and saline water. Effects on vine performance and grape composition -- 6.5.1 Effects on vine performance and grape composition -- 6.6 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 - Modern approaches to precision and digital viticulture -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Remote sensing for vineyard management -- 7.3 Artificial intelligence and remote sensing -- 7.3.1 Computer vision -- 7.3.2 Machine and deep learning in viticulture and winemaking -- 7.3.2.1 Soil-based applications using digital tools and machine learning -- 7.3.2.2 Plant-based applications using digital tools and machine learning.

7.3.2.3 Winemaking and consumer acceptability using machine learning -- 7.3.2.4 Data access, ownership, and security using AI -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- 8 - Novel technologies and Decision Support Systems to optimize pesticide use in vineyards -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Disease management -- 8.3 Pest management -- 8.4 Concluding remarks -- References -- 9 - Processed kaolin particles film, an environment friendly and climate change mitigation strategy tool for Medite ... -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Climate change effects -- 9.2.1 Phenology -- 9.2.2 Physiology -- 9.2.3 Leaf metabolites -- 9.2.4 Yield and berry quality attributes -- 9.3 Kaolin case: short-term adaptation strategy -- 9.3.1 Kaolin characterization -- 9.3.2 Reflection of radiation excess and reduction of organ temperature -- 9.3.3 Kaolin effects on vine water status and photosynthetic activity -- 9.3.4 Impact on leaf metabolism -- 9.3.5 Impact on berries and wine -- 9.4 Kaolin impacts: pros and cons -- 9.4.1 For the environment -- 9.4.2 Costs -- 9.5 Concluding remarks and prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 - Wine quality production and sustainability∗ -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Existing systems and initiatives at winery level -- 10.3 Principal aspects to consider for a sustainable wine production -- 10.3.1 Carbon dioxide reuse -- 10.3.2 Water management and saving -- 10.3.3 Renewable energy -- 10.3.4 Good practices in Oenology and winemaking process -- 10.3.5 Functional biodiversity -- 10.3.6 Management and use of by-products in Oenology -- 10.4 Concluding remarks -- References -- 11 - Water management toward regenerative wineries -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Environmental impacts -- 11.3 Regenerative wineries -- 11.3.1 The water cycle -- 11.3.1.1 Water use efficiency -- 11.3.1.2 Wastewater treatment technologies toward water reuse.

11.3.2 Strategies toward regenerative wineries -- 11.3.2.1 Efficient use of resources (water and energy) -- 11.3.2.2 Recovering water and nutrients from wastewater -- 11.3.2.3 Production of value-added products from solid waste -- 11.3.2.4 Recovering bioenergy from solid waste streams -- 11.4 Case studies -- 11.4.1 Case study-Portugal -- 11.4.1.1 Case study characterization -- 11.4.1.2 Water use -- 11.4.1.3 Electrical energy consumption rate -- 11.4.2 Case study-France -- 11.4.2.1 Cases studies characterization -- 11.4.2.2 Water usage -- 11.4.2.3 Electrical energy consumption rate -- 11.4.3 Case study-Italy -- 11.4.3.1 Case study characterization -- 11.4.3.2 Water usage -- 11.4.3.3 Electrical energy consumption rate and renewable resources -- 11.4.4 General overview and future challenges -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- 12 - Energy use and management in the winery -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Energy audit in wineries -- 12.3 Energy consumption in the winery -- 12.4 Methodologies for reduction of energy demand -- 12.5 Renewable energy utilization -- 12.5.1 Anaerobic digestion -- 12.5.2 Thermochemical conversion processes -- 12.5.3 Solar systems -- 12.6 Energy consumption and optimization in wineries: some case studies -- 12.6.1 Energy audit of an Italian winery -- 12.6.2 TESLA research project -- 12.6.3 Energy assessment related to wineries located in Veneto (Italy) -- 12.7 Concluding remarks -- References -- 13 - Microbiological control of wine production: new tools for new challenges -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 New tools -- 13.2.1 "Omics" technologies: genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, metatranscriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics -- 13.2.2 Genome editing: CRISPR/Cas9 -- 13.3 New challenges -- 13.3.1 Grape microbiome and its control -- 13.3.2 Reduction of SO2 use -- 13.3.3 Spontaneous versus inoculated fermentations.

13.3.4 The search for new strains.