Foreword | p. xv |
Preface | p. xix |
Acknowledgments | p. xxiii |
1 Introduction | p. 1 |
1.1 The Importance of IP and WDM Networks | p. 1 |
1.1.1 Historical Perspective | p. 1 |
1.1.2 Current Trends | p. 1 |
1.1.3 Deployment of IP Over WDM | p. 2 |
1.2 Structure of the Book | p. 3 |
Appendix 1A The Context of the WINMAN Project | p. 4 |
Appendix 1B The WINMAN Consortium | p. 5 |
2 Network and Service Evolution Scenarios | p. 7 |
2.1 Introduction | p. 7 |
2.2 Requirements of IP-Based Services | p. 8 |
2.2.1 VPNs | p. 9 |
2.2.2 Application-Oriented Services: VoIP and MoIP | p. 11 |
2.3 Current Transport Networks | p. 15 |
2.4 Trends in Network Architectures | p. 17 |
2.4.1 OTN | p. 17 |
2.4.2 I2 | p. 20 |
2.4.3 Next Generation Internet | p. 22 |
2.5 Business Drivers for Management Systems | p. 23 |
2.5.1 SDH and ATM Management Systems | p. 23 |
2.5.2 WDM Management | p. 24 |
2.5.3 IP Management Systems | p. 24 |
2.5.4 The Market Perspective | p. 25 |
2.6 Summary | p. 27 |
References | p. 29 |
3 Management of the IP Network Layer | p. 31 |
3.1 Introduction | p. 31 |
3.2 The IP/MPLS Network Model | p. 32 |
3.2.1 MPLS-Based Applications | p. 34 |
3.3 Management of IP Networks | p. 37 |
3.3.1 Performance Management | p. 37 |
3.3.2 Fault Management | p. 38 |
3.3.3 SNMP Management of IP/MPLS Network Connectivity | p. 38 |
3.3.4 Management of MPLS VPNs | p. 43 |
3.4 Policy-Based Management | p. 43 |
3.5 IP/MPLS Management Tools | p. 44 |
3.5.1 SNMP-Based Tools | p. 45 |
3.5.2 SNMP APIs | p. 46 |
3.5.3 PBNM Tools | p. 46 |
3.5.4 MPLS Tools | p. 48 |
3.6 Current Activities in IP/MPLS Network Management | p. 49 |
3.6.1 The IETF Working Groups | p. 49 |
3.6.2 TMF IPNM | p. 49 |
3.7 Summary | p. 50 |
References | p. 51 |
4 Management of the WDM Network Layer | p. 55 |
4.1 Introduction | p. 55 |
4.2 The WDM Network Elements | p. 56 |
4.3 Optical Transport Network Modeling | p. 56 |
4.3.1 Functional Layers | p. 58 |
4.3.2 Optical Transport Services | p. 59 |
4.4 Managing WDM Networks | p. 61 |
4.4.1 Configuration Management | p. 61 |
4.4.2 Fault Management | p. 63 |
4.4.3 Performance Management | p. 66 |
4.4.4 Management Interfaces | p. 69 |
4.5 Summary | p. 70 |
References | p. 71 |
5 IP Over WDM Integration Mechanisms | p. 73 |
5.1 Introduction | p. 73 |
5.2 IP Over WDM--The Data Plane Perspective | p. 74 |
5.2.1 IP Over ATM Over SDH for WDM Transmission | p. 74 |
5.2.2 IP Over ATM Directly on WDM | p. 75 |
5.2.3 IP Over SDH; Packet Over SONET | p. 76 |
5.2.4 IP Over SDL Directly Over WDM | p. 77 |
5.2.5 IP Over GbE Over WDM | p. 78 |
5.3 Control Plane Integration | p. 79 |
5.3.1 MPLambdaS-Generalized MPLS | p. 80 |
5.3.2 The ASON/ASTN Framework | p. 81 |
5.3.3 The OIF Forum Initiative | p. 83 |
5.4 The Management Plane Approach | p. 84 |
5.5 Summary | p. 85 |
References | p. 86 |
6 The WINMAN Management System Concept | p. 89 |
6.1 Introduction | p. 89 |
6.2 Business Reference Model | p. 91 |
6.2.1 Business Roles and Actors | p. 91 |
6.2.2 Business Case | p. 93 |
6.2.3 Business Processes Addressed by WINMAN | p. 95 |
6.2.4 High-Level Management Architecture | p. 96 |
6.3 Requirements Specification | p. 96 |
6.3.1 Requirements Classification | p. 97 |
6.3.2 Nonfunctional Requirements | p. 102 |
6.4 WINMAN UCs | p. 102 |
6.4.1 Identification and Classification of UCs | p. 102 |
6.4.2 UCs Overview | p. 102 |
6.5 Summary | p. 119 |
References | p. 120 |
7 The WINMAN System Architecture | p. 121 |
7.1 Introduction | p. 121 |
7.2 High-Level Architecture | p. 122 |
7.2.1 The Interdomain Network Management System | p. 122 |
7.2.2 The WDM-NMS | p. 124 |
7.2.3 The IP NMS | p. 125 |
7.2.4 The GUI | p. 125 |
7.2.5 Component Interaction Example: A Connectivity Service Provisioning Scenario | p. 126 |
7.3 Domain Model | p. 127 |
7.3.1 Common Entities | p. 127 |
7.3.2 Mapping Between the Model Entities and the Managed Resources | p. 128 |
7.4 Generic Management System Architecture | p. 130 |
7.4.1 The Three-Tiers Concept | p. 130 |
7.4.2 The Northbound Interface | p. 132 |
7.4.3 The Southbound Interface | p. 133 |
7.4.4 The View Manager Interface | p. 133 |
7.4.5 The Persistence Layer Interface | p. 133 |
7.5 The GUI | p. 133 |
7.5.1 Model-View-Controller Architecture | p. 134 |
7.5.2 GUI Functional Components | p. 135 |
7.6 Summary | p. 136 |
References | p. 137 |
8 Management System Design and Implementation Issues | p. 139 |
8.1 Introduction | p. 139 |
8.2 Provisioning Manager | p. 140 |
8.3 End-to-End Routing Manager | p. 143 |
8.4 NIM | p. 143 |
8.4.1 The Inventory Model | p. 145 |
8.4.2 Querying the Inventory | p. 145 |
8.5 Policy Manager | p. 146 |
8.6 View Manager | p. 147 |
8.7 Northbound Interface Manager | p. 149 |
8.7.1 INMS Adaptations | p. 152 |
8.8 Southbound Interface Manager | p. 152 |
8.8.1 INMS Adaptations | p. 152 |
8.8.2 IP and WDM NMS Adaptations | p. 153 |
8.9 The GUI | p. 154 |
8.10 Summary | p. 158 |
References | p. 159 |
9 Technologies and Tools | p. 161 |
9.1 Introduction | p. 161 |
9.2 Development Platforms | p. 162 |
9.2.1 Network Management Platforms | p. 162 |
9.2.2 The Distributed Software Component Framework | p. 163 |
9.2.3 The Netrac Platform | p. 164 |
9.2.4 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 165 |
9.3 Operating Systems | p. 166 |
9.3.1 UNIX | p. 166 |
9.3.2 Windows | p. 166 |
9.3.3 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 167 |
9.4 Programming Languages | p. 167 |
9.4.1 Java Programming Language | p. 167 |
9.4.2 C++ Programming Language | p. 168 |
9.4.3 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 168 |
9.5 The Middleware | p. 169 |
9.5.1 CORBA | p. 169 |
9.5.2 XML | p. 171 |
9.5.3 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 173 |
9.6 Interfaces Specification | p. 173 |
9.6.1 CORBA | p. 173 |
9.6.2 SNMP | p. 174 |
9.6.3 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 174 |
9.7 Connectivity Interface Protocols | p. 174 |
9.7.1 Connection and Service Management Information Model | p. 175 |
9.7.2 Multitechnology Network Management | p. 175 |
9.7.3 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 176 |
9.8 Databases | p. 177 |
9.8.1 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 177 |
9.9 User Interface Tools | p. 177 |
9.9.1 Hypertext Markup Language | p. 177 |
9.9.2 Java | p. 178 |
9.9.3 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 179 |
9.10 Policy-Based Management Tools | p. 179 |
9.10.1 Ponder | p. 180 |
9.10.2 The WINMAN Implementation | p. 180 |
9.11 Summary | p. 181 |
References | p. 182 |
10 Testbed Setup for the Evaluation of IP over WDM Management Systems | p. 183 |
10.1 Introduction | p. 183 |
10.2 Testbed Requirements | p. 184 |
10.2.1 Requirements on the Management Platforms | p. 184 |
10.2.2 Requirements on the Testing and Verification Tools | p. 186 |
10.2.3 Requirements on the IP Infrastructure | p. 188 |
10.2.4 Requirements on the WDM Infrastructure | p. 189 |
10.3 The WINMAN Testbed | p. 190 |
10.3.1 The IP Layer | p. 190 |
10.3.2 The WDM Layer | p. 191 |
10.3.3 Interconnection of the IP and WDM Nodes | p. 193 |
10.4 Adaptation of the Technology-Dependent EMSs to the WINMAN Southbound Interface | p. 194 |
10.4.1 Adaptation of the WDM EMS | p. 194 |
10.4.2 Adaptation of the IP EMS | p. 195 |
10.5 Summary | p. 196 |
References | p. 197 |
11 Evaluation of IP over WDM Management Solutions | p. 199 |
11.1 Introduction | p. 199 |
11.2 Template for the Definition of Testing Experiments | p. 200 |
11.3 Evaluating the Nonfunctional Behavior | p. 200 |
11.3.1 Openness and Flexibility | p. 200 |
11.3.2 Flexibility and Modularity | p. 202 |
11.3.3 Scalability | p. 202 |
11.3.4 Robustness | p. 203 |
11.4 Evaluation of Functional Behavior | p. 203 |
11.4.1 Configuration Management/Network Provisioning/Create Optical Path | p. 204 |
11.4.2 Configuration Management/Network Provisioning/Create IP/MPLS Path | p. 204 |
11.4.3 Configuration Management/Network Provisioning/ICS Provisioning | p. 205 |
11.4.4 Network Inventory Management/Network Inventory Consistency to Network Infrastructure | p. 207 |
11.5 The wINMAN Configuration Management Solution Evaluation | p. 207 |
11.5.1 Integrated Experiment for Validating the WINMAN Functionality | p. 207 |
11.5.2 Experiment Results | p. 212 |
11.5.3 Evaluation of the Results | p. 214 |
11.6 Summary | p. 215 |
References | p. 216 |
12 Integration of IP over WDM: The LION Project Approach | p. 217 |
12.1 Introduction | p. 217 |
12.2 Network Studies | p. 219 |
12.2.1 Teletraffic Engineering for Modeling Dynamic Traffic and Dimensioning ASON | p. 220 |
12.2.2 ASONs and Their Potential Benefits | p. 221 |
12.2.3 Some Guidelines on Network Evolution | p. 224 |
12.3 Network Management | p. 226 |
12.3.1 Challenges in ASON Management | p. 226 |
12.3.2 The LION Management Approach | p. 227 |
12.3.3 Management Information Model | p. 228 |
12.4 The Testbed | p. 232 |
12.4.1 Testbed Equipment | p. 232 |
12.4.2 Control Plane Architecture | p. 238 |
12.4.3 NNI Signaling For Soft-Permanent Connection Setup and Tear Down | p. 240 |
12.4.4 Tests Carried Out | p. 241 |
References | p. 241 |
13 Future Developments and Challenges for IP over WDM Network Deployment | p. 243 |
13.1 Introduction | p. 243 |
13.2 The Outlook from the IST-OPTIMIST Project | p. 244 |
13.2.1 Technology Trends in Optical Technologies and Photonic Networking | p. 246 |
13.2.2 The Global Communication Network in More Detail | p. 248 |
13.2.3 Future Trends for Optical Components | p. 252 |
13.3 Challenges of IP/WDM Network Control and Management | p. 255 |
13.3.1 End-to-End Routing | p. 255 |
13.3.2 Dynamic Routing and Wavelength Conversion in the Optical Domain | p. 256 |
13.3.3 IP/WDM Fault Management | p. 257 |
13.3.4 IP/WDM Performance Management | p. 259 |
13.4 Deployment of IP/WDM Networks | p. 259 |
13.4.1 Adoption of Optical CP | p. 259 |
13.4.2 Possible Deployment Scenarios | p. 261 |
13.5 Summary | p. 263 |
References | p. 264 |
List of Acronyms | p. 267 |
About the Editors | p. 277 |
Index | p. 279 |