A Practical Guide to Energy; Contributors; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The Need for Energy Reduction; 1.2 The ENERGYWISE Plastics Project; 1.3 A Practical Guide for Managers; 1.3.1 Understanding Energy; 1.3.2 Energy Management; 1.3.3 Cost of Ownership; 1.3.4 Leadership and Awareness; 1.4 Conclusion; 2 Understanding Energy; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Energy use within Plastics Processing; 2.3 Why are you using Energy?; 2.3.1 Motors and Drivers; 2.3.2 In Process Heating; 2.3.3 In Process Cooling; 2.3.4 Lighting Systems.

2.3.5 Heating Systems2.4 How much Energy are you using?; 2.5 Measurement and Reporting; 2.5.1 Reporting; 2.5.2 Benchmarking; 2.6 Purchasing Energy; 2.6.1 Maximum Power Requirement; 2.6.2 Power Factor; 2.6.3 Load Factor; 2.6.4 Maximum Demand; 2.6.5 Peak Demand Lopping; References; 3 Energy Management; 3.1 Degree days; 3.1.1 Introduction; 3.1.2 Definition of Degree Days; 3.1.3 Obtaining Degree Day data; 3.1.3.1 Base Temperature; 3.1.3.2 Location; 3.1.3.3 Data Accuracy; 3.1.3.4 Sources of Historical Degree Day Data; 3.1.4 Making Use of Degree Days; 3.1.4.1 Gas Consumption.

3.1.4.2 Electrical Consumption3.1.5 Conclusions; 3.2 Short- and Long-term Measures; 3.2.1 Short-term Measures; 3.2.2 Long-term Measures; 3.3 Action Plan; 3.4 Training; 3.5 Measurement; 3.5.1 Historical Data; 3.5.2 Major Consumers; 3.5.3 Degree Days; 3.5.4 Interval Energy Data; 3.5.5 Automatic Monitoring and Targeting Systems; References; 4 Cost of Ownership; 4.1 Concept; 4.2 How to Calculate Total Cost of Ownership; 4.2.1 The Environment for Information Technology and Software; 4.2.2 Transportation Industry; 4.3 Why, when, and so on.

4.3.1 The Reduced Energy Consumption in Plastics Engineering Cost of4.4 Energy Efficient Equipment; 4.4.1 Energy Efficient Motors; 4.4.2 Energy Efficient Lighting; 4.4.3 Energy Efficient Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning; 4.4.4 Energy Efficient Air Compressors; 4.4.5 Energy Efficient Heat Recovery; 4.5 Conclusions; 5 Leadership and Awareness; 5.1 The Advantages of Energy Efficiency; 5.2 Energy Awareness Survey; 5.3 Effective Implementation; 5.3.1 Top-level Commitment; 5.3.2 Leadership; 5.3.3 Company Awareness; 5.3.4 Communication; 5.3.5 Empowerment; 5.4 Voluntary Agreements.

5.4.1 Brief Description of Each Phase5.5 Energy Efficiency Round Tables and Energy Efficiency; 5.6 European Union Standard for Energy Management (EN 16001); 5.6.1 Benefits of EN 16001 Energy Management; 5.7 Process Specific Saving Potentials -- Example: Injection; 5.8 Life Cycle Assessment Thinking; References; Chapter Authors; Abbreviations; Index.