Introduction | p. xi |
1 Introduction to the Process Improvement Life Cycle | p. 1 |
1.1 The Importance of Process Improvement | p. 2 |
1.1.1 Stand Still and Go Backwards | p. 2 |
1.1.2 Standish Group Chaos Report | p. 2 |
1.1.3 Balancing People, Project Management Processes, and Technology | p. 8 |
1.1.4 Process Improvement Versus Practice Improvement | p. 9 |
1.2 Typical Project Improvement Practices | p. 11 |
1.2.1 Project Reviews | p. 11 |
1.2.2 Best Practices | p. 12 |
1.2.3 Lessons Learned | p. 12 |
1.3 Definition of the Process Improvement Life Cycle | p. 12 |
1.3.1 Where Are You? | p. 13 |
1.3.2 Where Do You Want To Be? | p. 14 |
1.3.3 How Will You Get There? | p. 14 |
1.3.4 How Well Did You Do? | p. 14 |
1.4 Who Is Responsible for Process Improvement? | p. 15 |
1.4.1 Establishing a Standard Process | p. 15 |
1.4.2 Managing Best Practices and Lessons Learned | p. 15 |
1.4.3 Managing Performance Data Against Standard Processes | p. 15 |
1.4.4 Continuously Improving the Project Management Process | p. 16 |
1.5 Effectively Dealing with the Obstacles | p. 16 |
1.6 Points to Remember | p. 17 |
References | p. 18 |
2 Overview of the Project Management Maturity Model | p. 19 |
2.1 The Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model | p. 19 |
2.1.1 Purpose | p. 19 |
2.1.2 Structure | p. 20 |
2.1.3 Application | p. 20 |
2.2 The Project Management Maturity Model | p. 25 |
2.2.1 Level 1: Initial Process | p. 25 |
2.2.2 Level 2: Structured Process | p. 26 |
2.2.3 Level 3: Institutionalized Process | p. 26 |
2.2.4 Level 4: Managed Process | p. 26 |
2.2.5 Level 5: Optimizing Process | p. 27 |
2.3 PMBOK Knowledge Areas and Maturity Profile | p. 27 |
2.3.1 Project Integration Management | p. 27 |
2.3.2 Project Scope Management | p. 32 |
2.3.3 Project Time Management | p. 37 |
2.3.4 Project Cost Management | p. 42 |
2.3.5 Project Quality Management | p. 47 |
2.3.6 Project Human Resources Management | p. 50 |
2.3.7 Project Communications Management | p. 54 |
2.3.8 Project Risk Management | p. 58 |
2.3.9 Project Procurement Management | p. 64 |
2.4 Points to Remember | p. 70 |
References | p. 71 |
3 Assessing and Reporting Maturity Level | p. 73 |
3.1 Overview of the Survey Questionnaire | p. 74 |
3.1.1 Design of the Survey | p. 74 |
3.1.2 Defining Maturity Level Penetration | p. 75 |
3.2 Reporting the Process Maturity Baseline | p. 77 |
3.2.1 Kiviatt Charts | p. 77 |
3.2.2 Box & Whisker Plots | p. 82 |
3.3 Reporting the Project/Process Maturity Gap | p. 83 |
3.3.1 PP Below PD Baseline | p. 85 |
3.3.2 PP at PD Baseline | p. 86 |
3.3.3 PP Above PD Baseline | p. 86 |
3.4 Maturity Profile by Knowledge Area | p. 87 |
3.4.1 Process Maturity Matrix | p. 87 |
3.4.2 Closing the Maturity Gap | p. 92 |
3.5 Points to Remember | p. 94 |
References | p. 95 |
4 Metrics to Identify Project Improvement Opportunities | p. 97 |
4.1 Project Level | p. 97 |
4.1.1 Cost/Schedule Control | p. 98 |
4.1.2 Milestone Trend Charts | p. 101 |
4.1.3 Project Reviews | p. 106 |
4.2 Prioritizing Improvement Opportunities | p. 107 |
4.2.1 Ranking Improvement Opportunities | p. 107 |
4.3 Points to Remember | p. 111 |
Reference | p. 112 |
5 Tools to Investigate Improvement Opportunities | p. 113 |
5.1 Problem Solving for Continuous Improvement | p. 113 |
5.1.1 Definition | p. 113 |
5.2 Brainstorming | p. 116 |
5.3 Fishbone Diagrams | p. 116 |
5.4 Force Field Analysis | p. 117 |
5.5 Pareto Diagrams | p. 118 |
5.6 Process Charts | p. 119 |
5.7 Root Cause Analysis | p. 120 |
5.8 Prioritizing Processes | p. 120 |
5.8.1 Scheduling Improvement Initiatives by Knowledge Area | p. 120 |
5.8.2 Scheduling Improvement Initiatives in Groups | p. 122 |
5.8.3 Scheduling Improvement Initiatives One at a Time | p. 122 |
5.9 Recap | p. 125 |
5.10 Points to Remember | p. 125 |
Reference | p. 126 |
6 Commissioning Improvement Initiatives | p. 127 |
6.1 Characteristics of an Improvement Program | p. 127 |
6.1.1 Long Duration | p. 128 |
6.1.2 Multiproject Approach | p. 128 |
6.1.3 Just-in-Time Planning | p. 129 |
6.1.4 High Change | p. 129 |
6.1.5 High Kill Rate | p. 129 |
6.2 Characteristics of an Improvement Initiative | p. 130 |
6.2.1 Short Duration | p. 130 |
6.2.2 Multiphase Approach | p. 130 |
6.2.3 Just-in-Time Planning | p. 131 |
6.2.4 High Change | p. 131 |
6.2.5 High Kill Rate | p. 132 |
6.3 Setting Maturity Goals | p. 132 |
6.4 Scope the Initiative | p. 133 |
6.4.1 Evaluating Improvement Opportunities | p. 133 |
6.5 High-Level Planning of the Initiative | p. 135 |
6.5.1 Work Breakdown Structure | p. 136 |
6.5.2 Prioritize and Schedule Approaches | p. 136 |
6.6 Monitoring the Initiative | p. 136 |
6.6.1 Define Performance Metrics | p. 136 |
6.6.2 Track Performance Metric | p. 137 |
6.7 Redirecting the Initiative | p. 137 |
6.7.1 Abandonment of Approaches | p. 138 |
6.7.2 Reprioritize and Reschedule Approaches | p. 138 |
6.8 Closing the Initiative | p. 138 |
6.8.1 Assess Final Performance Improvement | p. 138 |
6.8.2 Reprioritize Improvement Opportunities | p. 138 |
6.9 Points to Remember | p. 139 |
Reference | p. 139 |
7 Case Study: B. Stoveburden Trucking Company | p. 141 |
7.1 Case Study Background | p. 142 |
7.1.1 Project Overview Statement | p. 143 |
7.1.2 Fishbone Diagram to Identify the Reasons Why Projects Fail | p. 145 |
7.2 PD and PP Maturity Levels for Selected Knowledge Areas | p. 147 |
7.3 Process Level | p. 148 |
7.3.1 Scope Management Processes | p. 148 |
7.3.2 HR Management Processes | p. 155 |
7.3.3 Time Management | p. 158 |
7.3.4 Cost Management | p. 159 |
7.4 Results of the Improvement Programs | p. 161 |
7.5 Points to Remember | p. 163 |
8 Closing Thoughts | p. 165 |
8.1 Implementation Challenges | p. 165 |
8.1.1 Perceived Value | p. 166 |
8.1.2 Cultural Fit | p. 166 |
8.1.3 Sponsorship | p. 166 |
8.2 Suggested Implementation Strategies | p. 167 |
8.2.1 Major Program Initiative | p. 167 |
8.2.2 Project Initiative | p. 168 |
8.2.3 Slow but Steady | p. 169 |
8.3 Points to Remember | p. 169 |
Appendix Maturity Assessment Questionnaire | p. 171 |
Project Integration Management | p. 171 |
Project Scope Management Processes | p. 175 |
Project Time Management Processes | p. 179 |
Project Cost Management | p. 186 |
Project Quality Management | p. 192 |
Project Human Resources Management | p. 197 |
Project Communications Management | p. 202 |
Project Risk Management Processes | p. 205 |
Project Procurement Management Processes | p. 212 |
About the Author | p. 221 |
Index | p. 223 |