The economic burden of providing health insurance [electronic resource] : how much worse off are small firms? / Christine Eibner.

ISBN:

9780833045027

9780833047823

Title:

The economic burden of providing health insurance [electronic resource] : how much worse off are small firms? / Christine Eibner.

Author:

Eibner, Christine.

Personal Author:

Eibner, Christine.

Publication Information:

Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corp., 2008.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xvii, 62 pages) : illustrations.

Series:

Rand Corporation technical report series ; TR-559-EMKF

General Note:

"This research was conducted within the Kauffman-Rand Institute for Entrepreneurship Public Policy in the Rand Institute for Civil Justice"--Preface.

Contents:

Cover; Preface; Contents; Figures; Tables; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Chapter One -- Introduction; Background; Motivation; Approach; Overview of This Report; Chapter Two -- Data; Chapter Three -- Methods; Chapter Four -- Results; Employer Health-Insurance Burdens; Sensitivity Analyses With Very Small Firms; Plan Quality; Chapter Five -- Limitations; Chapter Six -- Discussion; Overall Results; Growth in Health-Insurance Burden at Small Firms; Differences Between Small and Large Firms; Distribution of Health-Insurance Burden Among Offering Firms; Components of Employer Cost Burden.

Local Note:

eBooks on EBSCOhost

Subject Term:

Employer-sponsored health insurance -- United States -- Costs.

Small business -- Employees -- Medical care -- United States -- Costs.

Geographic Term:

United States.

Added Corporate Author:

Kauffman-RAND Institute for Entrepreneurship Public Policy.

Institute for Civil Justice (U.S.)

Format:

Electronic Resources

Electronic Access:

Click here to view

Publication Date:

2008

Publication Information:

Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corp., 2008.

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Shelf Number	Material Type	Copy	Shelf Location	Status
331.25540973 22	1:E-BOOK	1	1:ONLINE	Searching... Unknown

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Summary

A debate will likely occur in 2009 about U.S. global national-security strategy. The authors describe and illustrate a methodology to help frame and evaluate resource-informed strategies. The core is an integrated portfolio-analysis approach that compares options by their anticipated effectiveness, risks, and resource implications, Three illustrative grand strategies are compared, which deal in different ways with the problems of our time.

Preface	p. iii
Figures	p. ix
Tables	p. xi
Summary	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xxxiii
Acronyms and Abbreviations	p. xxxv
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
The Challenge: Resource-Informed Assessment and Recommendations	p. 1
Enhancing the National, Joint Perspective	p. 2
Aligning Joint Responsibilities, Authorities, and Resources	p. 2
Partnership with the Military Departments	p. 3
Need for an Integrated Portfolio Framework	p. 4
Outline of the Monograph	p. 6
Chapter 2 The Operating-Unit Perspective	p. 9
Motivations	p. 9
The Logic of the Operating-Unit Framework	p. 9
The Framework as a Next Step in Jointness	p. 10
Cautions	p. 11
Current COCOMs and "National Command"	p. 12
Current COCOMs	p. 12
A National Command for Analytic Purposes	p. 14
Chapter 3 Characterizing Alternative Strategies in Terms of Implications for Operating Units (COCOMs)	p. 17
Overview	p. 17
Expressing Strategy and Goals	p. 17
Planning for Adaptiveness	p. 18
The Analytic Flow	p. 19
Elements of the Process	p. 20
Operating-Unit Objectives	p. 20
Capabilities Needed to Meet Operating-Unit Objectives	p. 21
Programs and Force Shifts to Develop Needed Capabilities	p. 21
Resource Implications	p. 22
Chapter 4 Application to Some Illustrative Strategies	p. 25
Characterizing the Strategies	p. 25
Premises of the Alternative Strategies	p. 25
Contrasting Goals, Approaches, and Preparations for Adaptation	p. 27
The Possibility of Failure and the Need for Strategic Adaptiveness	p. 27
Objectives of COCOMs	p. 27
Capabilities Needed by Operating Units	p. 30
Actions: Programs and Force Shifts to Address Capability Needs	p. 33
An Analytic Baseline	p. 33
Programs and Force Shifts to Support the Direct GWOT/COIN Strategy	p. 42
Programs and Force Shifts to Support the Build Local, Defend Global Strategy	p. 45
Programs and Force Shifts to Support the Respond to Rising China Strategy	p. 54
Alternative Expressions of Costs	p. 59
Principles	p. 59
Total Costs of Strategy	p. 61
Sensitivities to Discount Rate and the Convention for Calculating NPV	p. 67
The Special Costs of War or Other Intensive Operations	p. 68
Costs When Strategies Fail	p. 69
Other Cost Breakdowns, by Service, COCOM, and Combinations	p. 72
Noneconomic Costs	p. 72
Chapter 5 Integrated Portfolio Analysis of Illustrative Strategies	p. 73
Basic Concepts	p. 73
Capabilities-Based Planning and Portfolio Management	p. 73
Methods for Portfolio Analysis	p. 75
The Alternative Strategies	p. 78
Effectiveness Comparisons	p. 80
Nominal Comparison of Risks	p. 85
Uncertainty: Consequences of Different Perspectives and Assumption Sets	p. 88
A Modern Approach to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis	p. 89
The Dubious Concept of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Across Categories of Goodness	p. 89
A Nominal Analysis	p. 91
Reflecting Different Perspectives and Assumptions	p. 92
A First Cut at Exploratory Analysis for Alternative Military Strategies	p. 94
Using Portfolio Analysis to Improve Strategies	p. 101
The Need to Balance the Risks Better	p. 101
Hedges to Improve Strategic and Operational Adaptiveness	p. 103
Summary Objective: Strategy That Is Flexible, Adaptive, and Robust (a "FAR Strategy")	p. 104
Chapter 6 Conclusions	p. 107
Methodology, Tools, and Analysis	p. 107
Using the Methods and Tools	p. 108
Attributes of Good Strategic Analysis	p. 108
Challenges	p. 109
Next Steps for Research and Applications	p. 111
Appendix
A Responsibilities of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff	p. 113
B The Portfolio Analysis Tool	p. 115
C A Tool for Customized Reporting	p. 119
D Documentation of Cost Estimates	p. 127
E Treatment of Risks	p. 145
Bibliography	p. 157

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Table of Contents