Introduction: The Web-based training development model | p. xiii |
What is Web-based training? | p. xiii |
What is this book about? | p. xiv |
Who is this book for? | p. xv |
How is this book organized? | p. xv |
Why a WBT model? | p. xv |
The traditional model | p. xvi |
The WBT development model | p. xvi |
How is the WBT development model different? | p. xvi |
Reference | p. xx |
Part I Phase 1: The analysis | p. 1 |
1 Traditional analysis within a Web-based training mode | p. 3 |
1.1 The needs analysis | p. 5 |
1.1.1 The performance gap | p. 5 |
1.1.2 The final performance objective | p. 7 |
1.1.3 How to conduct a needs analysis | p. 8 |
1.2 The task analysis and performance objectives | p. 16 |
1.2.1 Reality-based performance objectives | p. 17 |
1.2.2 The task hierarchy | p. 18 |
1.3 The audience analysis | p. 20 |
1.3.1 The audience analysis and logistics | p. 22 |
1.3.2 Bandwidth | p. 24 |
1.4 Summative evaluation | p. 24 |
1.5 Acceptance criteria | p. 24 |
References | p. 27 |
2 Technical analysis | p. 29 |
2.1 Technical analysis | p. 29 |
2.1.1 The course | p. 31 |
2.1.2 Hybrid courses | p. 32 |
2.1.3 LMSs | p. 32 |
2.1.4 Network topology | p. 32 |
2.1.5 A hosted solution | p. 33 |
2.2 Cost-benefit analysis | p. 34 |
2.2.1 Aligning training strategy with business goals | p. 34 |
2.2.2 Traditional learning versus e-learning | p. 36 |
References | p. 40 |
Part II Phase 2: Strategic planning | p. 41 |
3 Your overall WBT strategy | p. 43 |
3.1 The overall WBT strategic plan | p. 45 |
3.2 The management summary | p. 46 |
3.2.1 Analysis summary | p. 47 |
3.2.2 Training strategy summary | p. 47 |
3.2.3 The WBT team overview | p. 48 |
3.2.4 Technical resources overview | p. 54 |
3.2.5 Estimated ROI | p. 54 |
Reference | p. 55 |
4 The training strategy | p. 57 |
4.1 The training strategy | p. 59 |
4.2 How will WBT fit into the larger training strategy? | p. 59 |
4.3 Where will the WBT courseware come from? | p. 60 |
4.4 How will you manage your WBT? | p. 62 |
4.5 How will the WBT courseware integrate with other systems? | p. 62 |
5 The ISD document | p. 63 |
5.1 WBT unit objectives | p. 65 |
5.2 Assessment criteria | p. 66 |
5.3 Course outline | p. 69 |
5.4 Course map | p. 70 |
5.5 Navigational strategies | p. 73 |
5.6 Instructional techniques | p. 77 |
5.6.1 Option 1: Demonstration followed by practice | p. 78 |
5.6.2 Option 2: Role playing | p. 80 |
5.6.3 Option 3: Games | p. 82 |
5.6.4 Option 4: Lecture | p. 82 |
5.6.5 Option 5: Questions, exercises, and tests | p. 85 |
5.6.6 Option 6: Collaboration | p. 87 |
5.6.7 Option 7: Simulation | p. 89 |
References | p. 91 |
6 Your detailed WBT plans | p. 93 |
6.1 Financial plan | p. 93 |
6.2 Time and action plan | p. 95 |
Part III Phase 3: WBT development | p. 97 |
7 WBT development guidelines | p. 99 |
7.1 Templates | p. 101 |
7.2 Storyboards | p. 104 |
7.3 Media | p. 107 |
7.4 Prototypes and alpha and beta versions | p. 108 |
7.5 The elements of good design | p. 109 |
7.5.1 Graphic design | p. 109 |
7.5.2 Web design | p. 114 |
7.5.3 ISD hints from documentation design | p. 118 |
7.5.4 Interactive design | p. 123 |
References | p. 125 |
8 Content development | p. 127 |
8.1 Web site development tools | p. 129 |
8.1.1 Programmable Web authoring tools | p. 129 |
8.1.2 Nonprogrammable Web authoring tools | p. 130 |
8.1.3 Program the WBT yourself | p. 130 |
8.2 Courseware development tools | p. 133 |
8.2.1 Programmable and nonprogrammable WBT authoring tools | p. 133 |
8.2.2 Program the courseware yourself | p. 135 |
8.2.3 Other considerations | p. 135 |
8.3 Media development tools | p. 136 |
8.3.1 Compressing files | p. 137 |
8.3.2 Streaming media | p. 142 |
8.3.3 Designing for limited bandwidth | p. 143 |
8.3.4 Employing efficient architecture | p. 144 |
8.4 Content management systems | p. 144 |
References | p. 145 |
Part IV Phase 4: WBT deployment | p. 147 |
9 Deployment | p. 149 |
9.1 WBT and change management | p. 151 |
9.1.1 The human factor | p. 151 |
9.1.2 Marketing a training change | p. 152 |
9.1.3 Training for change | p. 155 |
9.2 Usability testing | p. 158 |
9.2.1 Ideal conditions for usability testing | p. 158 |
9.2.2 An adaptive model for usability testing | p. 160 |
9.2.3 The consequences of usability testing | p. 160 |
9.3 Installation | p. 160 |
9.3.1 Review and revision of the plan | p. 161 |
9.3.2 Install the hardware and systems software | p. 162 |
9.4 The pilot and rollout | p. 163 |
9.4.1 The pilot | p. 164 |
9.4.2 Rollout | p. 165 |
9.5 Conclusion | p. 165 |
References | p. 166 |
Part V Postproduction | p. 167 |
10 Summative evaluation and maintenance | p. 169 |
10.1 Evaluation | p. 169 |
10.1.1 Formative evaluation | p. 171 |
10.1.2 Summative evaluation | p. 171 |
10.2 Maintenance | p. 177 |
10.2.1 Improving the instruction | p. 177 |
10.2.2 Content changes | p. 177 |
10.2.3 Hardware or software changes | p. 178 |
10.2.4 System interface changes | p. 178 |
Reference | p. 178 |
11 Localization | p. 179 |
11.1 Localization of existing WBT | p. 180 |
11.1.1 Cultural differences | p. 180 |
11.1.2 Technical issues | p. 181 |
11.1.3 A case study | p. 183 |
11.2 Designing world-ready WBT | p. 187 |
11.2.1 World-ready presentation layer and Unicode | p. 188 |
11.2.2 World-ready middleware components | p. 190 |
11.2.3 World-ready database back end | p. 191 |
11.3 Conclusion | p. 191 |
References | p. 192 |
Part VI The future | p. 193 |
12 What's next? | p. 195 |
12.1 Business factors | p. 196 |
12.2 Global markets, localization, and content management | p. 197 |
12.2.1 Content management systems | p. 200 |
12.2.2 Evaluating content management systems providers | p. 201 |
12.3 The lifelong, self-directed learner | p. 201 |
12.4 The integration of knowledge, learning, and support systems | p. 202 |
12.5 Increased pressures for rapid development | p. 203 |
12.6 Increased collaboration | p. 206 |
12.7 Conclusion | p. 206 |
References | p. 207 |
Appendix A WBT resources | p. 209 |
Glossary | p. 215 |
About the authors | p. 229 |
Index | p. 231 |