Tourism management / David Weaver, Laura Lawton.

ISBN:

9780470809549

Title:

Author:

Weaver, David B. (David Bruce)

Personal Author:

Weaver, David B. (David Bruce)

Edition:

3rd ed.

Publication Information:

Milton, Qld. : John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

Physical Description:

xiv, 490 p. : ills., ; 25 cm.

Series:

Wiley Australia tourism series

Series Title:

Wiley Australia tourism series

General Note:

Previous ed.: 2002.

Includes index.

Subject Term:

Tourism -- Australia -- Marketing.

Tourism -- Australia -- Management.

Ecotourism -- Australia.

Added Author:

Lawton, Laura.

Format:

Books

Publication Date:

2006

Publication Information:

Milton, Qld. : John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

Available:*

Shelf Number	Material Type	Copy	Shelf Location	Status
338.479194 WEA	Week loan	1	Standard shelving location	Searching... Unknown
338.479194 WEA	Book	2	Standard shelving location	Searching... Unknown
338.479194 WEA	Book	3	Standard shelving location	Searching... Unknown

Tourism Management, Third Edition, builds upon the strength of the previous editions by introducing students to the complexities of the tourism system. The third edition has been updated with recent industry and research developments and retains the thoroughness of content and application that had been established in the previous editions. A theme of this edition is looking at the challenges of tourism in a time of regional and international uncertainties and complexities as a consequence of terrorism and security threats, health issues such as SARS, natural events like the Boxing Day Tsunami and the changing geo-political landscape.

Author Notes

David Weaver is Emeritus Professor at the University of Missouri-Columbia and a Specialist in Cattle Health and Production.

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to tourism management	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 2
1.2 The phenomenon of tourism	p. 2
1.2.1 Definition of tourism	p. 3
1.2.2 The importance of tourism	p. 3
1.3 Tourism as an academic field of study	p. 4
1.3.1 Obstacles to development	p. 4
1.3.2 Indications of development	p. 8
1.3.3 A sequence of tourism platforms	p. 12
1.3.4 Universities and community colleges	p. 14
1.4 Characteristics, outline and structure	p. 15
1.4.1 Characteristics	p. 15
1.4.2 Chapter outline	p. 16
1.4.3 Chapter structure	p. 17
Chapter review	p. 18
Summary of key terms	p. 18
Questions	p. 20
Exercises	p. 20
Further reading	p. 21
Chapter 2 The tourism system	p. 22
2.1 Introduction	p. 23
2.2 A systems approach to tourism	p. 23
2.2.1 The basic whole tourism system	p. 23
2.3 The tourist	p. 26
2.3.1 Spatial component	p. 26
2.3.2 Temporal component	p. 28
2.3.3 Travel purpose	p. 29
2.3.4 Major tourist categories	p. 34
2.3.5 Data problems	p. 37
2.4 Origin region	p. 38
2.4.1 Origin community	p. 38
2.4.2 Origin government	p. 39
2.5 Transit region	p. 40
2.5.1 Management implications of transit regions	p. 41
2.5.2 Effects of technology	p. 41
2.6 Destination region	p. 43
2.6.1 Destination communities	p. 45
2.6.2 Destination governments	p. 46
2.7 The tourism industry	p. 46
Chapter review	p. 48
Summary of key terms	p. 48
Questions	p. 50
Exercises	p. 51
Further reading	p. 51
Case study	p. 53
Chapter 3 The evolution and growth of tourism	p. 55
3.1 Introduction	p. 56
3.2 Premodern tourism	p. 56
3.2.1 Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley	p. 56
3.2.2 Ancient Greece and Rome	p. 57
3.2.3 The Dark Ages and Middle Ages	p. 59
3.3 Early modern tourism (1500-1950)	p. 61
3.3.1 The Grand Tour	p. 61
3.3.2 Spa resorts	p. 62
3.3.3 Seaside resorts	p. 62
3.3.4 Thomas Cook	p. 65
3.3.5 The post-Cook period (1880-1950)	p. 66
3.4 Contemporary tourism (1950 onwards)	p. 67
3.4.1 The world's biggest industry?	p. 67
3.5 Factors associated with increased tourism demand	p. 69
3.5.1 Economic factors	p. 69
3.5.2 Social factors	p. 72
3.5.3 Demographic factors	p. 75
3.5.4 Technological factors	p. 79
3.5.5 Political factors	p. 81
3.6 Australian tourism participation	p. 81
3.7 Future growth prospects	p. 83
Chapter review	p. 84
Summary of key terms	p. 85
Questions	p. 87
Exercises	p. 88
Further reading	p. 88
Case study	p. 89
Chapter 4 Destinations	p. 91
4.1 Introduction	p. 92
4.2 Global destination patterns: MDCs and LDCs	p. 92
4.2.1 Tourism market share and growth	p. 93
4.2.2 Reasons for the emergence of the LDCs as destinations	p. 93
4.3 Pull factors influencing a destination	p. 97
4.3.1 Geographical proximity to markets	p. 97
4.3.2 Accessibility to markets	p. 98
4.3.3 Availability of attractions	p. 100
4.3.4 Cultural links	p. 101
4.3.5 Availability of services	p. 102
4.3.6 Affordability	p. 102
4.3.7 Peace, stability and safety	p. 103
4.3.8 Positive market image	p. 105
4.3.9 Pro-tourism policies	p. 106
4.4 Regional destination patterns	p. 107
4.4.1 Europe	p. 107
4.4.2 The Americas	p. 110
4.4.3 Asia-Pacific	p. 111
4.4.4 Africa	p. 113
4.4.5 The Middle East	p. 113
4.4.6 Australia	p. 114
4.5 Internal destination patterns	p. 117
4.5.1 The Australian pattern	p. 119
Chapter review	p. 121
Summary of key terms	p. 122
Questions	p. 123
Exercises	p. 124
Further reading	p. 124
Case study	p. 125
Chapter 5 The tourism product	p. 128
5.1 Introduction	p. 129
5.2 Tourist attractions	p. 129
5.2.1 Natural sites	p. 130
5.2.2 Natural events	p. 136
5.2.3 Cultural sites	p. 137
5.2.4 Cultural events	p. 144
5.2.5 Attraction attributes	p. 146
5.3 The tourism industry	p. 151
5.3.1 Travel agencies	p. 151
5.3.2 Transportation	p. 152
5.3.3 Accommodation	p. 155
5.3.4 Tour operators	p. 157
5.3.5 Merchandise	p. 158
5.3.6 Industry structure	p. 160
Chapter review	p. 162
Summary of key terms	p. 162
Questions	p. 165
Exercises	p. 165
Further reading	p. 166
Case study	p. 167
Chapter 6 Tourist markets	p. 170
6.1 Introduction	p. 171
6.2 Tourist market trends	p. 171
6.2.1 The democratisation of travel	p. 171
6.2.2 The emergence of simple market segmentation and multilevel segmentation	p. 171
6.2.3 Niche markets and 'markets of one'	p. 172
6.3 The destination selection process	p. 173
6.3.1 Multiple decision makers	p. 175
6.4 Tourist market segmentation	p. 175
6.4.1 Geographic segmentation	p. 176
6.4.2 Sociodemographic segmentation	p. 177
6.4.3 Psychographic segmentation	p. 185
6.4.4 Behavioural segmentation	p. 189
Chapter review	p. 195
Summary of key terms	p. 195
Questions	p. 197
Exercises	p. 197
Further reading	p. 198
Case study	p. 199
Chapter 7 Tourism marketing	p. 202
7.1 Introduction	p. 203
7.2 The nature of marketing	p. 203
7.2.1 Definition of marketing	p. 203
7.3 Services marketing	p. 204
7.3.1 Intangibility	p. 204
7.3.2 Inseparability	p. 205
7.3.3 Variability	p. 206
7.3.4 Perishability	p. 207
7.4 Managing supply and demand	p. 207
7.4.1 Daily variations in demand	p. 208
7.4.2 Weekly variations in demand	p. 209
7.4.3 Seasonal variations in demand	p. 209
7.4.4 Long-term variations in demand	p. 210
7.4.5 Supply/demand matching strategies	p. 210
7.5 Market failure	p. 214
7.5.1 Government tourism organisations	p. 214
7.6 Strategic tourism marketing	p. 216
7.6.1 SWOT analysis and objectives	p. 217
7.6.2 Objectives	p. 218
7.6.3 Control/evaluation	p. 219
7.7 Marketing mix	p. 219
7.7.1 Place	p. 219
7.7.2 Product	p. 220
7.7.3 People	p. 220
7.7.4 Price	p. 222
7.7.5 Packaging	p. 223
7.7.6 Programming	p. 223
7.7.7 Promotion	p. 223
7.7.8 Partnerships	p. 228
Chapter review	p. 230
Summary of key terms	p. 230
Questions	p. 232
Exercises	p. 233
Further reading	p. 233
Case study	p. 235
Chapter 8 Economic impacts of tourism	p. 238
8.1 Introduction	p. 239
8.2 Economic benefits	p. 239
8.2.1 Direct revenue	p. 239
8.2.2 Indirect revenue	p. 245
8.2.3 Economic integration and diversification	p. 247
8.2.4 Employment (direct and indirect)	p. 247
8.2.5 Regional development	p. 248
8.2.6 Formal and informal sectors	p. 250
8.3 Economic costs	p. 251
8.3.1 Direct financial costs	p. 252
8.3.2 Indirect financial costs	p. 253
8.3.3 Fluctuations in intake	p. 256
8.3.4 Competition with other sectors	p. 260
8.3.5 Employment problems	p. 261
Chapter review	p. 263
Summary of key terms	p. 264
Questions	p. 265
Exercises	p. 266
Further reading	p. 267
Case study	p. 268
Chapter 9 Sociocultural and environmental impacts of tourism	p. 271
9.1 Introduction	p. 272
9.2 Sociocultural benefits	p. 272
9.2.1 Promotion of cross-cultural understanding	p. 272
9.2.2 Incentive to preserve culture and heritage	p. 275
9.2.3 Promoting social wellbeing and stability	p. 275
9.3 Sociocultural costs	p. 276
9.3.1 Commodification	p. 276
9.3.2 The demonstration effect revisited	p. 280
9.3.3 The relationship between tourism and crime	p. 281
9.3.4 Factors contributing to the increased likelihood of sociocultural costs	p. 283
9.3.5 The irridex	p. 287
9.4 Environmental benefits	p. 288
9.5 Environmental costs	p. 289
9.5.1 Environmental impact sequence	p. 289
9.5.2 'Permanent' environmental restructuring	p. 290
9.5.3 Generation of waste residuals	p. 292
9.5.4 Tourist activities	p. 293
9.5.5 Indirect and induced activities	p. 294
9.5.6 Management implications of sociocultural and environmental impacts	p. 296
Chapter review	p. 298
Summary of key terms	p. 299
Questions	p. 300
Exercises	p. 301
Further reading	p. 301
Case study	p. 303
Chapter 10 Destination development	p. 305
10.1 Introduction	p. 306
10.2 Destination lifecycle	p. 306
10.2.1 The Butler sequence	p. 307
10.2.2 Critique of the Butler sequence	p. 317
10.3 Factors that change the destination lifecycle	p. 323
10.3.1 Internal-intentional actions	p. 324
10.3.2 External-unintentional actions	p. 324
10.3.3 Internal-unintentional actions	p. 324
10.3.4 External-intentional actions	p. 324
10.4 National tourism development	p. 326
10.4.1 Spatial diffusion	p. 326
10.4.2 Effects of hierarchical diffusion	p. 327
10.4.3 Effects of contagious diffusion	p. 327
10.4.4 Model of national tourism development	p. 328
Chapter review	p. 330
Summary of key terms	p. 330
Questions	p. 332
Exercises	p. 332
Further reading	p. 333
Case study	p. 334
Chapter 11 Sustainable tourism	p. 337
11.1 Introduction	p. 338
11.2 A paradigm shift?	p. 338
11.2.1 Dominant Western environmental paradigm	p. 339
11.2.2 Contradictions in the dominant Western environmental paradigm	p. 340
11.2.3 Towards a green paradigm?	p. 341
11.3 Sustainable tourism	p. 343
11.3.1 Indicators	p. 343
11.4 Sustainability and mass tourism	p. 345
11.4.1 Reasons for adoption	p. 346
11.4.2 Practices	p. 349
11.4.3 Quality control	p. 350
11.5 Sustainability and small-scale tourism	p. 354
11.5.1 Alternative tourism	p. 354
11.5.2 Manifestations	p. 356
11.5.3 Critique of alternative tourism	p. 357
11.6 Ecotourism	p. 359
11.6.1 Soft and hard ecotourism	p. 359
11.6.2 Magnitude	p. 361
11.6.3 Location	p. 362
11.7 Destination sustainability	p. 364
11.7.1 Extending the Butler sequence	p. 365
Chapter review	p. 368
Summary of key terms	p. 369
Questions	p. 371
Exercises	p. 372
Further reading	p. 372
Case study	p. 374
Chapter 12 Tourism research	p. 377
12.1 Introduction	p. 378
12.2 Types of research	p. 378
12.2.1 Basic research	p. 378
12.2.2 Applied research	p. 381
12.2.3 Cross-sectional research	p. 382
12.2.4 Longitudinal research	p. 383
12.2.5 Qualitative research	p. 383
12.2.6 Quantitative research	p. 384
12.2.7 Primary research	p. 385
12.2.8 Secondary research	p. 391
12.3 The research process	p. 394
12.3.1 Problem recognition	p. 395
12.3.2 Question formulation	p. 395
12.3.3 Identification of research methodology or methods	p. 397
12.3.4 Data collection	p. 399
12.3.5 Data analysis	p. 399
12.3.6 Data presentation	p. 400
12.3.7 Data interpretation	p. 400
Chapter review	p. 402
Summary of key terms	p. 402
Questions	p. 404
Exercises	p. 405
Further reading	p. 405
Case study	p. 407
Appendix 1 Selected international and Australian tourism organisations	p. 411
Appendix 2 Refereed English language tourism journals (2005)	p. 413
Appendix 3 Inbound and outbound tourism data	p. 416
References	p. 425
Glossary	p. 460
Index	p. 477

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