Conservation and Recreation in Protected Areas - Front Cover -- Conservation and Recreation in Protected Areas -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Cases -- Abbreviations -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Research Topic -- Research Questions and Sub-questions -- Methods and Materials -- Limitations and Areas for Future Study -- The Structure and Design of the Research -- PART 1: Conflicts in Theory: Concepts, Institutions and Rationale -- Chapter 2: Schemes of Protected Areas: Historical, Structural and Institutional Perspectives -- Introduction -- The Intentional Shaping of Nature: From National Parks to Protected Areas -- The Scheme of Protected Areas in the US -- The Scheme of Protected Areas in China -- Summary -- Chapter 3: Resolving Conflicts in Protected Areas: Rationale, Principles and the Institutional Approach -- Introduction -- A Preliminary Clarification of Basic Concepts -- The Rationale for Conflict and Conflict Resolution in PA Management -- Attainment of an Optimal Balance: Seeking Principles -- Formulating a Legal Arena: Toward an Institutional Approach -- Summary -- PART 2: Country Studies United States -- Chapter 4: The Legal Framework of Protected Areas in the United States -- Introduction -- The Legislative Framework of the National Park System -- Congressional Mandates for Other Types of Public Land Designations -- Overarching and Generic Legislation on Federal LandManagement Agencies -- Common-law Doctrines -- Summary -- Chapter 5: The Formation of Conflicts in Public Land Designation and Management -- Introduction -- A Changing Land Use Pattern of Public Lands -- Burgeoning Recreational Use and the Intensive Management of Recreational Activities -- Conflicts in Public Land Management -- The Increasing Regulation of Recreational Activities -- Summary.

Chapter 6: Resolution of Conflicts in Legislation and Policies: Assessing the Legal Foundations -- Introduction -- The NPS Organic Act and Its Impairment Standard -- Hardening the Organic Act: The Role of Wilderness-oriented Statutes -- A Tendency to Push Back: Enabling Acts and Congressional Intervention -- Agency Regulations and Policies on National Park Management -- Designated Use Patterns on Public Land: The Role of Recreation -- Summary -- Chapter 7: Resolution of Conflicts: A Judicial Perspective -- Introduction -- The Characteristics and Tendencies of Public Land Lawsuits -- Standards of Judicial Review in General and in Particular -- Judicial Interpretation of Congressional Statutes -- Case Study: The Use of Motorized Recreational Vehicles on Federal Land -- Case study: The Merced River Controversy in Yosemite Valley -- Summary -- PART 3: Country Studies: China -- Chapter 8: The Legislative and Policy Frameworks of Protected Areas in China -- Introduction -- The Legislative Framework of PAs -- Overview of the Policy Framework of PAs -- Summary -- Chapter 9: The Formation of Conflicts in the Designation and Management of Protected Areas in China -- Introduction -- The Flourishing Tourism Industry: Status Quo and Policies -- The Funding Structure of PAs and Its Consequences for Tourism Management -- Conflicts between Conservation and Recreation in PAs: Contexts, Origins and Formats -- Summary -- Chapter 10: The Resolution of Conflicts in Law and Practice in China -- Introduction -- The Resolution of Conflicts in Law -- Compliance and Enforcement of Law in Practice: A Critical Examination -- The Resolution of Conflicts: The 'Dormant' Role of Courts -- Summary -- Chapter 11: Pudacuo National Park and Beyond in Yunnan Province: National Parks Envisioned and National Parks in Practice -- Introduction.

The Development of National Parks in Yunnan: Pudacuo and Beyond -- Evaluation of the National Park Model in Yunnan Province -- Summary -- Chapter 12: Comparative Observations, Conclusions and Recommendations -- Introduction -- Comparative Observations -- Conclusions -- Legal and Policy Recommendations for China -- Final Remarks -- Appendix I: The List of Applicable Laws on Protected Area Management in China -- Bibliography -- Selected Bibliography (English) -- Selected Bibliography (Chinese) -- Index.