Front Cover -- Advances in Food and Nutrition Research -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Vitamin D, Cancer Risk, and Mortality -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Latitude and Solar Exposure -- 3. 25(OH)D -- 3.1. 25(OH)D and Cancer Risk -- 3.2. 25(OH)D and Cancer Mortality -- 3.3. 25(OH)D and Overall Mortality -- 4. DBP -- 5. VDR and Cancer -- 5.1. FokI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk -- 5.1.1. Prostate Cancer -- 5.1.2. Breast Cancer -- 5.1.3. Colorectal Cancer -- 5.1.4. Skin Cancer -- 5.1.5. Ovarian Cancer -- 5.1.6. Other Cancer Sites -- 5.2. BsmI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk -- 5.2.1. Prostate Cancer -- 5.2.2. Breast Cancer -- 5.2.3. Colorectal Cancer -- 5.2.4. Skin Cancer -- 5.2.5. Ovarian Cancer -- 5.2.6. Other Cancer Sites -- 5.3. TaqI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk -- 5.3.1. Prostate Cancer -- 5.3.2. Breast Cancer -- 5.3.3. Colorectal Cancer -- 5.3.4. Skin Cancer -- 5.3.5. Ovarian Cancer -- 5.3.6. Other Cancer Sites -- 5.4. ApaI Polymorphism and Cancer Risk -- 5.4.1. Prostate Cancer -- 5.4.2. Breast Cancer -- 5.4.3. Colorectal Cancer -- 5.4.4. Skin Cancer -- 5.4.5. Ovarian Cancer -- 5.4.6. Other Cancer Sites -- 5.5. Cdx2 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk -- 5.5.1. Prostate Cancer -- 5.5.2. Breast Cancer -- 5.5.3. Colorectal Cancer -- 5.5.4. Other Cancer Sites -- 6. GC and Cancer -- 7. Vitamin D Supplementation: Randomized Trials -- 7.1. Published Trials on Vitamin D and Cancer Risk and/or Mortality -- 7.1.1. The UK Trial for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures -- 7.1.2. The Womenś Health Initiative Trial -- 7.1.3. The Nebraska Trial -- 7.1.4. The RECORD Trial -- 7.1.5. Conclusions -- 7.2. Ongoing Trials on Vitamin D and Cancer Risk or Cancer Progression/Survival -- 7.2.1. CAPS Trial: Clinical Trial of Vitamin D3 to Reduce Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women -- 7.2.2. VITAL Trial: Vitamin D and Omega-3.

7.2.3. Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study -- 7.2.4. PPS4B Trial: Calcium/Vitamin D, Biomarkers, and Colon Polyp Prevention -- 7.2.5. GORG 002 Trial: Randomized Phase III Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of High Dose Versus Standard Dose of Vita ... -- 7.2.6. TIPS-3 Trial: The International Polycap Study 3 -- 7.2.7. Neoadjuvant Progesterone and Vitamin D3 -- 7.2.8. Study of Folic Acid, Calcium, and Vitamin D in Preventing Colorectal Polyps and Colorectal Cancer -- 7.2.9. MelaViD Trial: A Trial on Vitamin D Supplementation for Resected Stage II Melanoma Patients -- 7.2.10. ViDMe Trial: Vitamin D Supplementation in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Outcome -- 7.2.11. VITACAL Trial: Study of Vitamin D Supplementation Tailored to Vitamin D Deficiency -- 7.2.12. Cholecalciferol Supplement in Treating Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Observation -- 7.2.13. D-HEM Trial: Phase III, Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Study of 25-OH-Vitamin-D3 Substitution in Patients wi ... -- 7.3. New Trial to be Approved -- 8. Limitations and Caveats -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Two: Chia (Salvia hispanica): A Review of Native Mexican Seed and its Nutritional and Functional Properties -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Aspects -- 3. Chia Seed Description and Composition -- 4. Lipids -- 5. Proteins -- 6. Fiber -- 6.1. Polyphenolic Compounds: Antioxidants -- 7. Health Benefits of Chia -- 8. Chia as a Functional Food -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Three: Physical Activity and Health: ``What is Old is New Again ́́-- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Activity and Health-A Brief Historical Perspective -- 3. Physical Activity and Nutrition Transitions in the Developed and Developing Settings -- 4. The Importance of Sound Comparisons-Quantification of Terminology -- 4.1. Principles of Exercise Prescription -- 4.1.1. Overload.

4.1.2. Progression -- 4.1.3. Adaptation -- 4.1.4. Specificity -- 5. Physiological and Psychosocial Benefits of Physical Activity and Exercise -- 6. Optimal Volume of Physical Activity: How Much Is Sufficient, How Much Is Too Much? -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter Four: Body Composition in Asians and Caucasians: Comparative Analyses and Influences on Cardiometabolic Outcomes -- 1. Background and Context -- 2. Influence of Body Composition on Mortality and Morbidity in Asians -- 3. Body Composition in Asians and Caucasians: Comparative Studies -- 3.1. Pooled Cohort Comparisons -- 3.2. Studies from Canada -- 3.3. Studies from the USA -- 3.4. Studies from the UK -- 3.5. Studies from New Zealand -- 3.6. Studies from Singapore: Within Asian Comparisons -- 3.7. Main Findings from Comparative Studies -- 4. Exploring Asian-Specific Body Composition Cutoffs -- 5. Body Composition Measures in Predicting Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Asians -- 6. Limitations and Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index.