The economy of Central America: from Bourbon reforms to Liberal reforms / Héctor Lindo-Fuentes. The Colonial heritage -- From traditional to export agriculture -- Export agriculture and trade -- Conclusion. Society and Politics in Central America, 1821-1871 / Lowell Gudmundson. The Conservative interlude and Liberal challenge -- From corn and cattle to coffee: land tenure policies -- The Church question: mortmain and life's blood -- Secularization and the clerical counteroffensive -- Society transformed: economic and demographic bases -- Society redefined: race mixture and ethnic identity -- Conclusion.