Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Maps -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acronyms -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction -- Culture, Traditional Culture and Tradition-Style Culture -- Protection, Preservation and Conservation of Heritage -- Heritage Authorization, Heritage Experts, and Tourism-Driven Heritage Authorization -- Chapter 2 -- Theoretical Framework on Heritage, Tourism and Modernity -- 2.1. Modernity and Tradition -- Modernity -- Tradition -- 2.2. Modernity, Tourism and Heritage -- Modernity and Tourist Destinations -- Tourist Destinations as a Socio-spatial Concept -- Interaction between External Tourists and Local Agents in Tourist Destinations -- Modernity, Cultural Heritage and Authenticity -- Modernity and Cultural Heritage -- Modernity and Authenticity -- Modernity and Heritage-protected Tourist Destinations -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 -- Westernization of Chinese Heritage and Its Connection with Tourism Development -- 3.1. Early Westernization of Chinese Heritage and Beginning of Modern Tourism in China (1911-1949) -- Tradition and the Emergence of Anti-Tradition -- KMT's Attitudes to Recognizable Heritage and Emerging Westernization of Chinese Heritage -- The Beginning of Modern Tourism -- 3.2. Mao's Era: Radical Socialist Construction of Chinese Heritage and Tourism (1949-1978) -- Socialist Construction, Traditional Culture and Chinese Heritage (1949-1978) -- Tourism under Socialist Construction (1949-1978) -- 3.3. Pragmatic Socialist Construction of Chinese Heritage and Its Connection to Tourism (1978-1997) -- Further Westernization of Chinese Heritage -- The Boom in Inbound Tourists -- The Connection of Heritage to Tourism -- 3.4. Further Internationalization of Chinese Heritage and Its Connection to Tourism after 1997 -- Further Internationalization of Chinese Heritage -- Development of Mass Domestic Tourism.

The Connection of Heritage to Tourism Development -- 3.5. Theoretical Analysis of Chinese Heritage and Its Connection to Tourism -- First Chinese Heritage Experts and Their Restoration Methods -- Tourism-Driven Heritage Authorization Model in China -- Power Disparity between Experts and Local Residents -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 -- Reinterpretation of Tradition: Tourism and Authentication of Shaolin Culture -- 4.1. Shaolin Historical Culture (496CE to 1978) -- The Shaolin Temple: The Birthplace of Chan Buddhism -- Formation of Chan Buddhism: Its Relation with Confucianism and Taoism -- Shaolin Temple's Political Engagement with Successive Imperial Powers -- Contribution of Shaolin Martial Arts to Shaolin Temple's Political Engagement -- The Debate over Shaolin Martial Arts -- The Shaolin Temple 1949-1978 -- 4.2. Tourism Policy and Heritage Policy (1978 to 2000) -- Changing Government Policy -- Shaolin Community Response -- The Commercialization of Shaolin Culture -- 4.3. Tourism and Heritage Policies (2000 to 2010) -- The Beginning of the 'Authentification' Project -- Policies of the Relocation in the External Temple Area -- Internal Temple Authentification Project -- The Authentification of Shaolin Culture -- Differentiating between Shaolin Wushu and Shaolin Kungfu -- Revitalizing Chan Buddhism in the Shaolin Temple -- Safeguarding the Shaolin Brand and Authenticity while Commercializing Shaolin Culture -- Discussion: Heritage and Culture -- 4.4. Tourism Policy and Heritage Policy after 2010 -- Economic and Cultural Conflict among Stakeholders -- Impacts of the Stakeholder Conflicts -- 4.5. Reconstruction of Shaolin Culture -- First Transformative Process (from 1978 to 2000): Time-space Distanciation and Disembedding -- Second Transformative Process (from 2000 to 2010): Time-Space Distanciation, Disembedding and Reflexivity.

The Current Situation: Reembedding Mechanics and Fragmentation of Shaolin Culture -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 -- Reconstruction of Tradition: Tourism and Authentication of Ancient City of Pingyao -- 5.1. Traditional Features of the ACP before Mao's Era -- Economic Aspects -- Spatial Aspect -- Cultural Aspect -- 5.2. Influence of Mao's Radical Socialism on the ACP -- Spatial Aspect -- Cultural and Institutional Aspects -- Socialist Space with Tradition-style and Modern-style Buildings -- 5.3. Heritage Authorization in the ACP (1978-1997) -- Heritage Policies of the ACP from 1978 to 1997 -- Community Response to Heritage Authentication -- Analysis of Heritage and Culture -- 5.4. The Influence of IHATD on the ACP after 1997 -- Connection of Heritage Authorization to Tourism -- Further Authentification: More Relocation of Public Infrastructure and More Heritage Regulations -- Tourism Policy: Who Funds Who Benefits -- Cultural Activities and Festivals -- Community Response to the IHATD -- Analysis of Heritage and Culture after 1997 -- 5.5. Reconstruction of Pingyao Culture -- The First Transformative Process: Time-Space Distanciation and Disembedding -- The Second Transformative Process: Time-Space Distanciation and Disembedding -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6 -- Institutional Interaction between Heritage Authorization and Tourism Development in China -- 6.1. Institutional Similarities in the Two Cases -- Heritage Expert System: Exclusiveness -- Tourism Expert System: Inclusiveness -- Institutional Interaction between the Two Expert Systems -- Reflexivity -- Local Residents -- Governmental Sector -- 6.2. Differences between the Two Cases -- Different Positioning -- Different Heritage and Cultural Forms -- Different Local Actors -- Conclusion -- References -- About the Authors -- Index -- Blank Page.