Section 1 : Open and distance learning -- Conceptual origins / Tian Belawati -- Financial management / Tian Belawati -- Associations and partnerships / Tian Belawati -- Section 2 : Evaluation and assessment in distance education -- Cost-effectiveness / Tian Belawati -- Quality assurance / Tian Belawati -- Student assessment / Kristanti Ambar Puspitasari -- E-assessment / Nazir Sangi -- Conducting and reporting distance education evaluations / Jon Baggaley -- Section 3 : Media usage in distance education -- History of distance education media usage / Tian Belawati and Jon Baggaley -- Print and audio production / Dewi Padmo -- TV/video production / Dewi Padmo -- Online learning management systems / Batpurev Batchuluun and Buyandelger Batsaikhan -- Production of SMS materials / Angelo J. Ramos and Jerome P. Triñona -- Section 4: Principles of distance education implementation -- Accessibility and selection of distance education media / Gihan Wikramanayake and Jon Baggaley -- Adult learning and instructional design / Santosh Panda and Jon Baggaley -- Course material development strategies / Santosh Panda -- Gender and outcome mapping / Sana Shams, Sarmad Hussain and Atif Mirza -- Section 5 : Examples of distance education and open and distance learning institutions -- China Open University (formely China Central Radio and TV University) / Chen Haishan and Li Yawan -- Korea National Open University / Chang Yeul Yang -- Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand / International Affairs Unit, Sukhothai THammathirat Open University -- Universitas Terbuka (Indonesia Open University) / Ludivica Endang Setijorini and Irma Adnan -- Virtual University of Pakistan / Naveed Malik -- Wawasn Open University, Malaysia / Gajaraj Dhanarajan.