How to Reliably Test for GMOs.

ISBN:

9781461413905

Title:

Author:

Žel, Jana.

Personal Author:

Žel, Jana.

Edition:

1st ed.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (109 pages)

Series:

SpringerBriefs in Food, Health, and Nutrition

Contents:

How to Reliably Test for GMOs -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- How to Reliably Test for GMOs -- Introduction -- Genetically Modified Organisms -- Presence of GMOs on the World Market -- Information on GMOs and Their Detection on the Web -- Legislation on GMO Labeling and GMO Detection -- Overview of the Global Situation of GMO Labeling Legislation -- Type of GMO Labeling (Mandatory Versus Voluntary) -- Scope of GMO Labeling (Product or Process-Based Labeling) -- Labeling Threshold Level -- The European Union Legislation on GMO Labeling and Traceability -- GMO Labeling -- GMO Traceability -- Exemption from the Traceability and Labeling Requirements -- EU Legislation on GMO Detection -- Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 -- Regulation (EC) No. 641/2004 -- Regulation (EC) No. 1981/2006 -- Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004 -- Organization of the Laboratory and Quality Management System -- Introduction -- Personnel -- Accommodation and Environmental Conditions -- Test Methods and Method Validation -- Measurement Traceability and Reference Materials -- Equipment -- Reference Materials -- General -- Using Reference Materials Related to Mass, Mass Fraction, or Copy Number Ratio -- Availability of Reference Materials -- Handling of Reference Materials -- Sampling -- Handling of Test Items -- Samples -- Primers and Probes -- Assuring Quality of Testing -- Proficiency Tests -- Control Charts -- Analytical Controls -- Reporting the Results -- Methods -- Introduction -- DNA-Based and Immunological Methods -- Singleplex, Multiplex Methods -- Detection Procedure Using DNA-Based Methods -- Scheme of GMO Testing -- Screening -- Identification -- Quantification -- GMOs with Stacked Genes -- Availability of Methods -- Verification of Methods -- Introduction -- Method Validation -- Aspects of Modular Approach in Method Verification.

Strategy for Selecting the Methods to Be Implemented -- Verification Procedure -- Verification Plan -- Experimental Verification -- Preliminary Run -- Robustness -- Intermediate Precision -- Limit of Detection (LOD) -- Threshold Cq Value -- Limit of Quantification (LOQ) -- Dynamic Range -- R2 Coefficient -- Amplification Efficiency -- Trueness -- Specificity and Selectivity -- Data Administration -- Homogenization and DNA Extraction -- Introduction -- Homogenization -- Risk of Cross-Contamination -- DNA Extraction -- List of Tested Samples -- DNA Extraction from Samples -- Quality Control -- DNA Quantification -- Real-Time PCR -- Introduction -- qPCR Equipment -- Chemistries -- qPCR Setup, Analysis, and Interpretation -- Qualitative Analysis: Screening -- Sample Analysis -- Quality Controls -- DNA Extraction Controls -- Real-Time PCR Controls -- Control of Inhibition -- Practical LOD and LOQ -- Qualitative Analysis: Event-Specific Methods -- Semiquantitative Analysis -- Quantitative Analysis -- Sample Analysis -- Quality Controls -- Sample Analysis -- Control of Quantitative Performance of the Analysis -- Reporting -- Measurement Uncertainty -- Introduction -- MU in GMO Detection -- Using Data from Collaborative Trials -- Calculation of MU from Internal Quality Control Data -- Reporting of MU -- MU and Compliance of Results with Legislation -- New Challenges -- Introduction -- Multiplex qPCR Methods -- Alternative PCR-Based Technologies -- Ready-To-Use Multitarget Analytical System -- Microarrays -- Digital PCR -- Sequencing -- Bioinformatics Support -- Bioinformatics for Smart Sampling -- References -- Index.

Local Note:

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

Subject Term:

Added Author:

Format:

Electronic Resources

Electronic Access:

Click here to view book

Publication Date:

2011

Publication Information:

Boston, MA :

Springer US,

2011.

Available:*

Shelf Number	Material Type	Copy	Shelf Location	Status
664.07015728	1:E-BOOK	1	1:ON-DEMAND	Searching... Unknown

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Summary

The detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is becoming very complex, with new GMOs, approved and unapproved, constantly entering world markets. Traceability and labelling of GMOs is defined in regulations worldwide, demanding accurate and reliable testing to support the requirements of legislation.

This Brief provides the current state-of-the-art on all key topics involved in GMO testing and is a source of detailed practical information for laboratories. Special focus is given to qualitative and quantitative real-time PCR analysis relevant to all areas where detection and identification rely on nucleic acid-based methods. The following topics, important for testing laboratories, are also discussed: organization of the laboratory, focusing on aspects of the quality system and methods for testing, validation and verification of methods, and measurement uncertainty. The Brief also discusses the new challenges of GMOs and novel modified organisms, using new technologies, and the possible solutions for GMO detection, including bioinformatics tools. Finally, legislation on GMOs and sources of information on GMOs are provided, which are relevant not only to testing laboratories, but to anyone interested in GMOs.

The authors of this Brief have many years of experience in GMO testing, development of real-time PCR methods, implementation of quality system requirements, validations and verification of methods, and measurement uncertainty. The National Institute of Biology is a highly qualified research laboratory and a National Reference Laboratory, which also performs routine analyses of food, feed and seed. The Institute for Health and Consumer Protection of the European Union Joint Research Centre has extensive knowledge and experience of GMO detection. It hosts the European Union Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed in addition to chairing the European Network of GMO Laboratories.