Foreword / Edward O. Wilson -- Part I. Overview : what is climate change biology?. Changing the biosphere / Thomas E. Lovejoy and Lee Hannah ; What is climate change? / Michael C. MacCracken -- Part II. What changes are we observing?. Range and abundance changes / Camille Parmesan ; Case study 1 : The Bering Sea and climate change / Lee W. Cooper ; Phenological dynamics in pollinator-plant associations related to climate change / Eric Post and Michael Avery ; Coral reefs : megadiversity meets unprecedented environmental change / Ove Hoegh-Guldberg ; Genetic signatures of historical and contemporary responses to climate change / Brett R. Riddle ; Case study 2 : Climate change and salmon populations / Donald J. Noakes ; Rapid broad-scale ecosystem changes and their consequences for biodiversity / David D. Breshears [and 6 others] ; Case study 3 : Rapidly diverging population trends of Adélie penguins reveal limits to a flexible species' adaptability to anthropogenic climate change / Grant Ballard and David Ainley -- Part III. What does the past tell us?. A paleoecological perspective on sudden climate change and biodiversity crises / Jeffrey Park ; Climate change, conservation, and the metaphor of deep time / Richard B. Aronson ; Case study 4 : The effects of sea-level rise on habitats and species / Céline Ballard, Camille Leclerc, and Franck Courchamp ; Past abrupt changes in climate and terrestrial ecosystems / John W. Williams and Kevin D. Burke ; A neotropical perspective on past human-climate interactions and biodiversity / Mark B. Bush -- Part IV. What does the future hold?. Modeling species and vegetation distribution under climate change / Pablo Imbach [and 4 others] ; Climate change and marine biodiversity / William W.L. Cheung and Miranda C. Jones ; Case study 5 : Anticipating climate-driven movement routes / Joshua J. Lawler ; Impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity / Joan A. Kleypas ; Tropical forests in a changing climate / James E.M. Watson, Daniel B. Segan, and Joshua Tewksbury ; Case study 6 : Postponing the Amazon tipping point / Daniel Nepstad ; Temperate and boreal responses to climate change / Lauren B. Buckley and Janneke Hillerislambers ; Climate change impacts on mountain biodiversity / Antoine A. Guisan [and 14 others] ; Case study 7 : Climate change and frost effects in Rocky Mountain plant communities / David Inouye ; Climate change : final arbiter of the mass extinction of freshwater fishes / Les Kaufman ; The asymmetrical impacts of climate change on food webs / Lauren Jarvis, Kevin McCann, and Mary O'Connor ; Case study 8 : Dynamic spatial management in an Australian tuna fishery / Jason R. Hartog and Alistair J. Hobday ; Invasive species and climate change / Elizabeth H.T. Hiroyasu and Jessica J. Hellmann ; Climate change and disease / Lindsay P. Campbell [and 3 others] -- Part V. How can conservation and policy respond?. Protected-area management and climate change / Pablo A. Marquet, Janeth Lessmann, and M. Rebecca Shaw ; Case study 9 : Extinction risk from climate change / Guy Midgley and Lee Hannah ; Ecosystem-based adaptation / Caitlin Littlefield [and 5 others] ; Climate change mitigation using terrestrial ecosystems : options and biodiversity impacts / Monika Bertzky [and 3 others] ; Case study 10 : Connectivity by design : a multiobjective ecological network for biodiversity that is robust to land use and regional climate change / Andrew Gonzalez [and 3 others] ; Regreening the emerald planet : the role of ecosystem restoration in reducing climate change / Thomas E. Lovejoy ; Case study 11 : Enlisting ecological interactions among animals to balance the carbon budget / Oswald J. Schmitz ; Increasing public awareness and facilitating behavior change : two guiding heuristics / Edward Maibach ; Climate change, food, and biodiversity / Cary Fowler and Ola Tveitereid Westengen ; Saving biodiversity in the era of human-dominated ecosystems / G. David Tilman, Niko Hartline, and Michael A. Clark.