Chapter 1 Introduction | p. 1 |
Reasons for Energy Management | p. 1 |
Overview of Energy Management | p. 2 |
The Systems Concept | p. 7 |
Chapter 2 Energy Basics | p. 21 |
Introduction | p. 21 |
Matter | p. 22 |
Heat | p. 28 |
Pressure | p. 38 |
Humidity | p. 43 |
Dew Point | p. 44 |
Work | p. 44 |
Energy | p. 46 |
Chapter 3 The Building Structure | p. 51 |
Introduction | p. 51 |
Heat Loss | p. 51 |
Heat Gain | p. 54 |
Energy Use in Buildings | p. 55 |
Factors That Affect Building Construction | p. 55 |
Windows | p. 58 |
Carpeting | p. 64 |
Insulation | p. 64 |
Design Temperature Difference | p. 71 |
Degree-Days | p. 71 |
Products for Energy Conservation | p. 71 |
Energy Conservation Checklist for Building Structures | p. 76 |
Chapter 4 Comfort Heating Systems | p. 79 |
Introduction | p. 79 |
The Heating System Concept | p. 79 |
Types of Heating Systems | p. 82 |
Fossil-Fuel Heating Systems | p. 84 |
Forced-Air Gas Furnaces | p. 84 |
High-efficiency Gas Furnaces | p. 96 |
Fuel-Oil-Burning Systems | p. 100 |
Coal-Burning Heating Systems | p. 105 |
Electric Heating Systems | p. 108 |
Steam and Hot-Water Heating Systems | p. 117 |
Infrared Heating Systems | p. 125 |
Energy Conservation Checklist for Heating Systems | p. 128 |
Chapter 5 Summer Air Conditioning Systems | p. 135 |
Introduction | p. 135 |
Air-Conditioning-System Classifications | p. 136 |
Air-Conditioning Systems | p. 138 |
Cooling System Applications | p. 154 |
Split Systems | p. 160 |
Air-Conditioning-System Components | p. 162 |
Efficiencies in Air Conditioning | p. 180 |
Refrigerants | p. 180 |
Indoor Air Quality | p. 181 |
Energy Conservation Checklist for Air-Conditioning Systems | p. 183 |
Chapter 6 Lighting Systems | p. 189 |
Introduction | p. 189 |
Characteristics of Light | p. 189 |
Types of Lighting | p. 190 |
Incandescent Lighting | p. 192 |
Fluorescent Lighting | p. 196 |
Vapor Lighting | p. 199 |
Street Lighting | p. 204 |
LED Lighting | p. 205 |
Lighting Design | p. 208 |
Light Dimming | p. 213 |
Tips for Energy Conservation | p. 214 |
Products for Energy Conservation | p. 216 |
Energy Conservation Checklist | p. 224 |
Chapter 7 Water Systems | p. 229 |
Introduction | p. 229 |
Water-System Basics | p. 229 |
Water Purification | p. 230 |
Water Distribution | p. 233 |
Building Plumbing Systems | p. 234 |
Faucets | p. 240 |
Energy Conservation Checklist for Water Systems | p. 258 |
Chapter 8 Electrical Power Systems | p. 261 |
Introduction | p. 261 |
Electrical Power Systems Overview | p. 261 |
Types of Electrical Circuits | p. 263 |
Electrical Power Production Systems | p. 269 |
Electrical Load Estimating | p. 272 |
Electrical Generators | p. 273 |
On-Site Electrical Power Generation | p. 278 |
Direct-Current Power Systems | p. 279 |
Power Distribution Systems | p. 280 |
Electrical Power Control | p. 299 |
Electrical Power Conversion (Loads) | p. 299 |
Power-Factor Correction | p. 301 |
Electrical Motors | p. 303 |
Products for Energy Conservation | p. 311 |
Energy Conservation Checklist for Electrical Systems | p. 315 |
Chapter 9 Solar Power Systems | p. 317 |
Introduction | p. 317 |
Types of Solar Energy Systems | p. 317 |
Solar Air-Conditioning Systems | p. 327 |
Photovoltaic Systems | p. 328 |
Domestic Solar Hot-Water Heating | p. 330 |
Products for Energy Conservation | p. 338 |
Future of Solar Energy | p. 342 |
Energy Conservation Checklist for Solar Systems | p. 343 |
Chapter 10 Instrumentation and Measurement | p. 345 |
Introduction | p. 345 |
Temperature-Measuring Instruments | p. 346 |
Nonelectrical Instrumentation | p. 346 |
Electronic Temperature Instruments | p. 352 |
Humidity Measurement | p. 361 |
Pressure Measurement | p. 367 |
Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation | p. 373 |
Flow-Measuring Instrumentation | p. 391 |
Chapter 11 Energy Management Systems | p. 397 |
Introduction | p. 397 |
Energy Use in Buildings | p. 397 |
Considerations for Effective Energy Management | p. 400 |
Developing an Energy Management Program | p. 402 |
Suggestions for Building Owners and Operators | p. 403 |
Energy Audit | p. 404 |
Energy Audit Checklist | p. 405 |
Energy Saving Through Preventative Maintenance | p. 407 |
Equipment Scheduling | p. 407 |
Computerized Energy Management Systems | p. 411 |
Computer Networked Controls | p. 419 |
Checklist for Energy Management Systems | p. 423 |
Chapter 12 Alternative Energy Systems | p. 427 |
Introduction | p. 427 |
Geothermal Power Systems | p. 427 |
Wind Power Systems | p. 433 |
Tidal Power Systems | p. 435 |
Biomass Systems | p. 436 |
Cogeneration | p. 437 |
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Systems | p. 438 |
Nuclear Power | p. 439 |
Nuclear Fission | p. 440 |
Nuclear Fusion | p. 443 |
Hydrogen | p. 444 |
Fuel Cells | p. 445 |
Chapter 13 Energy Cost Reduction | p. 447 |
Introduction | p. 447 |
Assessing Energy Consumption | p. 447 |
Building Structures | p. 449 |
Heating & Cooling | p. 455 |
Lighting | p. 457 |
Water | p. 459 |
Electrical Appliances | p. 463 |
Landscaping | p. 466 |
Energy Management Program | p. 468 |
Appendix 1 | p. 471 |
Glossary | p. 473 |
Index | p. 491 |