Acknowledgments | p. xi |
Introduction | p. xiii |
Key Notation | p. xix |
Chapter 1 Measures of Risk and Return | p. 1 |
1.1 Measuring Return | p. 1 |
1.2 The Key Portfolio Risk Measures | p. 6 |
1.3 Risk-Return Preferences and Portfolio Optimization | p. 12 |
1.4 The Capital Asset Pricing Model and Its Applications to Risk Analysis | p. 23 |
1.5 The Objectives and Limitations of Portfolio Risk Analysis | p. 31 |
Chapter 2 Unstructured Covariance Matrices | p. 36 |
2.1 Estimating Return Covariance Matrices | p. 36 |
2.2 The Error-Maximization Problem | p. 47 |
2.3 Portfolio Choice as Decision Making under Uncertainty | p. 54 |
Chapter 3 Industry and Country Risk | p. 61 |
3.1 Industry-Country Component Models | p. 61 |
3.2 Empirical Evidence on the Relative Magnitudes of Country and Industry Risks | p. 73 |
3.3 Sector-Currency Models of Corporate Bond Returns | p. 77 |
Chapter 4 Statistical Factor Analysis | p. 79 |
4.1 Types of Factor Models | p. 79 |
4.2 Approximate Factor Models | p. 82 |
4.3 The Arbitrage Pricing Theory | p. 86 |
4.4 Small-n Estimation Methods | p. 88 |
4.5 Large-n Estimation Methods | p. 93 |
4.6 Number of Factors | p. 98 |
Chapter 5 The Macroeconomy and Portfolio Risk | p. 101 |
5.1 Estimating Macroeconomic Factor Models | p. 101 |
5.2 Event Studies of Macroeconomic Announcements | p. 110 |
5.3 Macroeconomic Policy Endogeneity | p. 112 |
5.4 Business Cycle Betas | p. 115 |
5.5 Empirical Fit and the Relative Value of Macroeconomic Factor Models | p. 116 |
Chapter 6 Security Characteristics and Pervasive Risk Factors | p. 117 |
6.1 Equity and Fixed-Income Characteristics | p. 117 |
6.2 Characteristic-Based Factor Models of Equities | p. 122 |
6.3 The Fama-French Model and Extensions | p. 130 |
6.4 The Semiparametric Approach to Characteristic-Based Factor Models | p. 132 |
Chapter 7 Measuring and Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk | p. 134 |
7.1 Definitions of Foreign Exchange Risk | p. 134 |
7.2 Optimal Currency Hedging | p. 142 |
7.3 Currency Covariances with Stock and Bond Returns | p. 149 |
7.4 Macroeconomic Influences on Currency Returns | p. 151 |
Chapter 8 Integrated Risk Models | p. 155 |
8.1 Global and Regional Integration Trends | p. 155 |
8.2 Risk Integration across Asset Classes | p. 158 |
8.3 Segmented Asset Allocation and Security Selection | p. 159 |
8.4 Integrated Risk Models | p. 162 |
Chapter 9 Dynamic Volatilities and Correlations | p. 167 |
9.1 GARCH Models | p. 167 |
9.2 Stochastic Volatility Models | p. 178 |
9.3 Time Aggregation | p. 180 |
9.4 Downside Correlation | p. 181 |
9.5 Option-Implied Volatility | p. 184 |
9.6 The Volatility Term Structure at Long Horizons | p. 187 |
9.7 Time-Varying Cross-Sectional Dispersion | p. 188 |
Chapter 10 Portfolio Return Distributions | p. 191 |
10.1 Characterizing Return Distributions | p. 191 |
10.2 Estimating Return Distributions | p. 196 |
10.3 Tail Risk | p. 203 |
10.4 Nonlinear Dependence between Asset Returns | p. 207 |
Chapter 11 Credit Risk | p. 212 |
11.1 Agency Ratings and Factor Models of Spread Risk | p. 213 |
11.2 Rating Transitions and Default | p. 217 |
11.3 Credit Instruments | p. 218 |
11.4 Conceptual Approaches to Credit Risk | p. 220 |
11.5 Recovery at Default | p. 232 |
11.6 Portfolio Credit Models | p. 232 |
11.7 The 2007-8 Credit-Liquidity Crisis | p. 238 |
Chapter 12 Transaction Costs and Liquidity Risk | p. 241 |
12.1 Some Basic Terminology | p. 241 |
12.2 Measuring Transactions Cost | p. 246 |
12.3 Statistical Properties of Liquidity | p. 261 |
12.4 Optimal Trading Strategies and Transaction Costs | p. 266 |
Chapter 13 Alternative Asset Classes | p. 271 |
13.1 Nonsynchronous Pricing and Smoothed Returns | p. 271 |
13.2 Time-Varying Risk, Nonlinear Payoff, and Style Drift | p. 284 |
13.3 Selection and Survivorship Biases | p. 291 |
13.4 Collectibles: Measuring Return and Risk with Infrequent and Error-Prone Observations | p. 295 |
13.5 Summary | p. 298 |
Chapter 14 Performance Measurement | p. 299 |
14.1 Return-Based Performance Measurement | p. 299 |
14.2 Holdings-Based Performance Measurement and Attribution | p. 303 |
14.3 Volatility Forecast Evaluation | p. 309 |
14.4 Value-at-Risk Hit Rates | p. 316 |
14.5 Forecast and Realized Return Densities | p. 317 |
Chapter 15 Conclusion | p. 319 |
15.1 Some Key Messages | p. 319 |
15.2 Questions for Future Research | p. 320 |
References | p. 323 |
Index | p. 345 |