Part I: Introduction to the Book -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Tourism Education and Asia -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Main Findings -- 1.2.1 Characteristics of Tourism Education in Asian Countries -- 1.2.2 Dynamics of Global Tourism Education and the International Asian Student Market -- 1.2.3 Accreditation in Tourism and Hospitality Education -- 1.2.4 The Challenges of Transnational Tourism Education -- 1.3 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part II: Tourism Education in Asia -- Chapter 2: Differentiating Academic and Vocational Hospitality and Tourism Education: The Milieu of Indonesia -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background Literature -- 2.2.1 Indonesia's Hospitality and Tourism Education -- 2.2.2 The Curriculum Components -- 2.3 Study Details -- 2.3.1 Sampling Strategies and Data Collection -- 2.3.2 Data Analysis -- 2.3.3 Findings -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.4.1 The State of the Hospitality and Tourism Industry and Higher Education in Indonesia -- 2.4.2 Components of the Komodo Curriculum Framework -- 2.4.3 The Integrated 'Komodo Curriculum' Framework -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Vocational Education and Training for Hospitality and Tourism Industry in India -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Evolution o Tourism and Hospitality Education in India -- 3.3 Vocational Education and Training (VET) System in India -- 3.4 Regulation of Vocational Education in India -- 3.5 Vocational Education and Training in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector in India -- 3.6 Challenges o Vocational Education and Training in India -- 3.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Situation Analysis of Tourism and Hospitality Management Education in Nepal -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Tourism Context in Nepal.

4.1.2 Institutions for Higher Education and Training in Nepal -- 4.2 Method -- 4.3 Findings -- 4.3.1 Higher Education and Training in Tourism and Hospitality Management -- 4.3.2 Existing Curricula of Tourism Education and Training Programmes at the Global Level -- 4.4 Discussion -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Tourism Higher Education in Iran: Past, Present and Future Directions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Tourism Development in Iran -- 5.3 History of Tourism Higher Education in Iran -- 5.4 The Current Status, Structure, Characteristics and Trends in Iranian Tourism Education -- 5.5 Prospects for Tourism Higher Education in Iran -- 5.6 Study Method -- 5.6.1 Lack of Cooperation Among Tourism Stakeholders -- 5.6.2 Location -- 5.6.3 Lack of Qualified Teaching Staff -- 5.6.4 Insufficient Facilities and Equipment -- 5.6.5 Curricula -- 5.6.6 Industrial Placements -- 5.6.7 Difficulty Keeping Graduates in the Industry -- 5.7 Conclusions and Implications -- References -- Chapter 6: Review and Assessment of Academic Tourism and Hospitality Programmes in China -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Literature Review -- 6.2.1 Sketch of Higher Education Studies -- 6.2.2 Curriculum Composition and its Assessment -- 6.3 Study Design and Methods -- 6.3.1 Curriculum Analysis -- 6.3.2 Focus Group Discussions -- 6.3.3 Online Survey Among Managers -- 6.4 Results and Discussion -- 6.4.1 Characteristics of Curricula -- 6.4.1.1 Types and Volume on Offer -- 6.4.2 Course Structure -- 6.4.3 Focus Group Interview Results -- 6.4.4 Managers' Perspective on Curricula -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 6.6 Limitations -- Appendix A: Hospitality and Tourism Undergraduate Programmes at Vocational Colleges and Universities in China in 2017 -- Appendix B: Curricula Components and Optional Characteristics for the Adaptive Conjoint Task -- References.

Chapter 7: Hotel and Tourism Management Education in Bhutan: The Creation of the Royal Institute of Tourism and Hospitality -- 7.1 Brief History of Education in Bhutan -- 7.2 Emerging Tourism and Hospitality Industry Since the 1970s -- 7.3 Tourism and Hospitality as a Contributor to Gross Domestic Product -- 7.4 Government Response to the Tourism and Hospitality Sector -- 7.5 Creation of the Royal Institute of Tourism and Hospitality -- 7.6 Current Programmes Offered at the Royal Institute for Tourism and Hospitality -- 7.7 Teaching Tourism and Hospitality in Bhutan: A Personal Reflection -- 7.8 Future Direction of Tourism and Hospitality Education in Bhutan -- References -- Chapter 8: Tourism Education in Vietnam -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Background on Vietnam -- 8.3 Tourism Employment in Vietnam -- 8.4 Historical Background of Tourism Education in Vietnam -- 8.5 Current Situation in Tourism Education -- 8.6 Issues in Tourism Education in Vietnam -- 8.7 Transnational Education in Vietnam -- 8.8 Future Developments -- References -- Chapter 9: The Institutional Context for Experiential Learning Investment in Hospitality Education: A Case Study from Thailand -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Understanding Industry Needs for Hospitality Education -- 9.3 Experiential Learning in Hospitality Education -- 9.4 Institutional Drivers of Experiential Learning -- 9.5 The Institutional Context of Higher Education -- 9.6 The Thai Institutional Context -- 9.7 Categories of Experiential Leadership -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Tourism Education of Asian Students Abroad -- Chapter 10: Outcomes and Challenges of a Cooperative and Intercultural Learning Project: A Critical Analysis -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Background Literature -- 10.2.1 Tourism and Intercultural Experience -- 10.2.2 Intercultural Experiential Learning.

10.3 Case Study: Indian and Belgium Students in a Cooperative and Intercultural Learning Project -- 10.3.1 Study Method -- 10.3.1.1 Course Content and Assignments -- 10.3.2 Learning Outcomes of the Joint Course -- 10.3.2.1 Key Challenges -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Career Goals of Chinese International Tourism and Hospitality Students in Australia -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Purpose of the Study -- 11.3 Literature Review -- 11.3.1 Career Expectations of Generation Y -- 11.3.2 The Influence of Internships on Students' Career Goals -- 11.4 Methodology -- 11.5 Findings -- 11.5.1 Change of Career Goals During Studies and the Reasons Behind These Changes -- 11.5.2 Career Change Within the Hospitality Industry -- 11.5.3 Students Gaining a Clear Idea of Their Career Goals -- 11.5.4 Career Change Outside the Hospitality Industry -- 11.6 Discussion -- 11.7 Conclusions -- 11.8 Limitations -- References -- Chapter 12: The Push-Pull Model of Motivation: An Analysis of Chinese Polytechnic Students' Motivation to Pursue Degree Completion in Canada -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Understanding Motivation and Push-Pull Factors -- 12.3 Choosing an Education or Career -- 12.4 Globalisation and the Internationalisation of Higher Education -- 12.5 Transnational Higher Education and Student Preferences -- 12.6 Understanding Push-Pull Factors of Students at a Chinese Polytechnic -- 12.6.1 Methods -- 12.6.1.1 Research Questions -- 12.6.1.2 Survey Design -- 12.6.1.3 Data Collection -- 12.6.2 Findings -- 12.6.2.1 Push Factors -- 12.6.2.2 Pull Factors -- 12.6.2.3 Sources and Timing of Information -- 12.6.2.4 Motivation Towards Degree Completion -- 12.6.2.5 Demotivation Towards Degree Completion -- 12.6.2.6 Key Observations -- 12.6.2.7 Future Considerations -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Transnational Tourism Education in Asia.

Chapter 13: Research Performance of Tourism Education Quality Accredited Programmes in Greater China -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Literature Review -- 13.2.1 The Research-Teaching Nexus -- 13.2.2 Different Schools of Thoughts on the Research-Teaching Relationship -- 13.2.3 Relevance to Hospitality and Tourism Education -- 13.2.4 Evaluating the Quality of Hospitality and Tourism Programmes -- 13.3 Study Context: The Distribution of TedQual-Certified Programmes -- 13.4 Research Methods -- 13.5 Results -- 13.6 Discussion -- 13.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Patterns of Tourism and Hospitality Education in India and Malaysia: A Critical Reflection -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Tourism and Hospitality Education in India -- 14.2.1 Background -- 14.2.2 Tourism and Hospitality Education Scenario in India -- 14.2.3 Issues and Challenges -- 14.2.4 Workforce -- 14.2.5 The Industry Perspectives of Tourism and Hospitality Education -- 14.3 Tourism and Hospitality Education in Malaysia -- 14.3.1 Background -- 14.3.2 Hospitality and Tourism Education Scenario in Malaysia -- 14.3.3 Issues and Challenges -- 14.3.3.1 Student Enrolment Issues -- 14.3.3.2 Culture and Ethnicity Issues -- 14.3.3.3 Pedagogical Models -- 14.3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Hospitality, Tourism and Global Education in Asia: A Transnational Conundrum? Current Thoughts and Anecdotes -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Background Literature -- 15.2.1 Transnational Education Today -- 15.3 Current Challenges for Transnational Education -- 15.4 The Research Design and Approach -- 15.5 Key Findings: Current Issues and Challenges for Transnational Education Operations -- 15.5.1 The Positives -- 15.5.2 The Challenges -- 15.6 Conclusion -- References -- Glossary.