Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Urban risk and tourism in Africa An overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Contextualising urbanisation, urban risk and tourism -- 3 Urban risk and tourism in sub-Saharan Africa: The state of knowledge -- 4 The knowledge gap on urban risk and urban tourism -- 5 Structure of the book -- References -- Theme 1: Urban tourism and environmental pollution risks -- Chapter 2: Examining 'toxic tourism' as a new form of alternative urban tourism and environmental justice The case of the South Durban Industrial Basin, South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Linking toxic tourism to township tourism for environmental justice -- 3 Environmental justice and toxic tourism in South Durban -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results -- 6 Discussion, conclusion and recommendations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3: Waste management and urban risk in Livingstone City, Zambia The sustainability of the hospitality sector -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainability and tourism -- 2.1 Tourism activities and tourism waste -- 3 Methodological underpinnings -- 3.1 Study setting -- 3.2 Research approach, data collection and analysis -- 4 Results and discussion -- 4.1 Waste management in Livingstone -- 4.2 Disposal of waste by the hospitality sector -- 4.2.1 Accommodation waste from toiletries and cleaning agents -- 4.2.2 Furniture and linen -- 4.2.3 Food and beverage -- 4.2.4 Plastic bags, styrofoam, tetra packs and office waste -- 4.2.5 Challenges of waste recycling -- 4.3 Moving towards reduced urban risk for sustainable urban tourism in Zambia -- 5 Conclusions -- Note -- References -- Chapter 4: The political economy of unplanned urban sprawl, waste and tourism development in Ghana -- 1 Introduction.

2 Political economy of urban sprawl -- 3 Waste management risks and tourism -- 4 Urban waste and tourism development -- 5 Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5: Environmental risk management and township tourism development in Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Exploring environmental risks in Alexandra -- 2 The relationship between urbanisation, environmental risk management and township tourism -- 3 Research method and design -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Competing land use: Housing or tourism businesses -- 4.2 The risk of waste on township tourism -- 4.3 Environmental risk management and township tourism development -- 5 Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Theme 2: Peace tourism, battlefields and war risks -- Chapter 6: Mega sports events and urban risks 2010 FIFA World Cup, the African bid and xenophobic violence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 "African" World Cup -- 3 May 2008 xenophobic attacks -- 4 The mega event and xenophobic threats -- 5 The government response -- 6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7: Election risk and urban tourism in sub-Saharan African cities Exploring peace through tourism in Harare, Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The nexus between peace and tourism -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Cities, peace and tourism -- 5 Zimbabwe crisis, Harare and peace -- 6 Moving towards peace tourism in Harare -- 6.1 Human rights and the rule of law -- 6.2 Peace museum in Harare -- 6.3 Peace music concerts -- 6.4 Liberation routes -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: The role of responsible tourism in peace-building and social inclusion in war-risk cities Evidence from Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The nexus between responsible tourism, peace-building and social inclusion -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Understanding urban tourism in Goma -- 4.1 The potential of urban tourism in Goma.

4.2 The challenges of responsible tourism in Goma -- 4.3 Resilience of urban tourism in an economy of crises -- 5 Moving towards responsible urban tourism in Goma -- 5.1 A responsible tourism for peace-building and social inclusion -- 5.2 Safe haven due to peacekeeping and humanitarian presence -- 5.3 Replacement of a mineral-trafficking economy with a legal, diversified economy -- 5.4 Recommendations for Africa -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Theme 3: Tourism, climate change and flood risks -- Chapter 9: Factors influencing tourism accommodations' lack of preparedness for flooding in Lagos, Nigeria -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Flooding in tourist accommodations: Impacts and preparedness -- 3 Study areas and methodology -- 3.1 Snapshot of Lagos State -- 3.2 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Tourism and urban development in Lagos -- 5 Factors undermining tourism establishments from preparing for flooding -- 5.1 Historical narratives -- 5.2 Lack of human and financial capital -- 5.3 Failure to utilise nonstructural measures -- 5.4 Lack of cohesion among tourist accommodation operators -- 6 Conclusion and recommendations -- References -- Chapter 10: Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for tourism hotspots Mombasa and Cape Town -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Interconnections between climate and tourism -- 10.3 Tourism and climate trends: Mombasa, Kenya -- 10.3.1 Policy context -- 10.4 Tourism and climate trends: Cape Town, South Africa -- 10.4.1 Policy context -- 10.5 Analysing policy integration and mainstreaming -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Risk of floods impacting tourism in the coastal cities of West Africa A case study of Accra, Ghana -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Impact of floods and urban tourism -- 11.3 Description of study site -- 11.4 Research methods -- 11.5 Results and discussion.

11.5.1 Overview of flood disaster events in Accra -- 11.5.2 Urban tourism resources at risk of flood disasters in Accra -- 11.5.3 Direct and indirect impact of floods on tourism -- 11.5.4 Management of urban tourism flood risk and challenges -- 11.6 Implications of flood risks for future urban tourism -- 11.7 Conclusions and recommendations -- References -- Chapter 12: The nexus of climate change and urban tourism in South Africa Triaging challenges and optimising opportunities -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Tourism, environment and human society -- 12.1.2 Profile of South Africa's tourism sector -- 12.1.3 Study setting -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Research design -- 12.2.2 Case study -- 12.2.3 Literature review as a methodological approach -- 12.2.4 Data interpretation -- 12.3 Results and discussion -- 12.4 Threats and adaptation strategies -- 12.4.1 Rising temperatures and beach tourism -- 12.4.2 Drought in Cape Town -- 12.4.3 Sanitation and health -- 12.4.4 Powering urban tourism with alternative energy -- 12.4.5 Storms and fires -- 12.4.6 Opportunities -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- Theme 4: Inclusive urban tourism and enclaves -- Chapter 13: Human settlements and tourism development in Kenya: Prospects for tackling urban risks in informal settlements -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Informal settlements, urban risk and tourism -- 13.3 Methodology -- 13.4 Kenya's policy and strategy on informal settlements -- 13.5 Informal settlements, urban risks and tourism in Kenya -- 13.6 Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 14: Conservation tourism challenges and opportunities on the Cape Flats, South Africa -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Background -- 14.2.1 Conservation through a political ecology lens -- 14.2.2 Conservation tourism in Cape Town: Urban resilience and risk -- 14.2.3 Recent conservation legislation and SDGs.

14.2.4 The Cape Flats: Four case studies -- 14.2.4.1 Driftsands Nature Reserve -- 14.2.4.2 Macassar Dunes Conservation Area -- 14.2.4.3 Wolfgat Nature Reserve -- 14.2.4.4 Edith Stephens Wetland Park -- 14.3 Methodology -- 14.4 Findings -- 14.4.1 Risk factors and resilience factors -- 14.4.2 Key spatial variables -- 14.4.2.1 Tourism value -- 14.4.2.2 Location -- 14.4.2.3 Accessibility -- 14.4.2.4 Association -- 14.5 Discussion: Turning risk into resilience -- 14.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Resilience, inclusiveness and challenges of cosmopolitan cities' heritage tourism The case of the balancing rocks in Epworth, Harare -- Introduction -- Overview of urban heritage tourism -- Urban heritage tourism and an adaptive management approach -- Geo study site - Chiremba balancing rocks (CBRs) -- Methods -- Results and discussion -- Resilience of urban heritage tourism amid socioeconomic and political headwinds -- Inclusion of urban communities in urban heritage tourism -- Multifaceted challenges confronting the CBRs as an urban heritage tourism site -- Future prospects and intervening restorative mechanisms -- Conclusion and recommendations -- References -- Chapter 16: Prospects and challenges of sustainable urban tourism in Windhoek Poverty, inequality and urban risks linkages -- 16.1 Intoduction -- 16.2 The links between tourism, poverty and inequality reduction -- 16.3 Fundamentals of urban risk, tourism development and resilience in SSA -- 16.4 Study context and methods -- 16.5 Findings -- 16.5.1 The prospects and challenges of urban tourism development in Windhoek -- 16.5.1.1 Prospects for urban tourism development -- 16.5.1.2 Progress made and remaining challenges in urban tourism development -- 16.6 Conclusion and recommendations -- Note -- References.

Chapter 17: Conclusion: Navigating urban tourism amidst environmental, political and social risks.