Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Figures -- Tables -- Case studies -- Contributors -- Preface and acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1. Cultural heritage tourism in the MENA: Introduction and background -- Understanding the Middle East and North Africa -- The MENA region -- The geopolitics of the MENA region -- Cultural and heritage tourism in the MENA region -- Cultural property destruction and representation in the MENA region -- Tourism in the MENA region -- The MENA region - a turbulent legacy -- Structure of the book -- Conclusion -- References -- 2. Tourism and the multi-faith heritage of the Middle East and North Africa: A resource perspective -- Introduction -- The religions of MENA -- The faith-based heritage of MENA -- Buildings for worship -- Ruins and archaeological sites -- Museums -- Mountains and gardens -- Tombs and cemeteries -- Intangible culture -- Religious meals -- Pilgrimages -- Trails and routes -- Conclusions -- References -- 3. Contesting religious heritage in the Middle East -- Introduction -- Contested religious heritage -- Case studies -- Competing Jordan River baptismal sites -- The Hagia Sophia -- Sharing space in Nazareth -- The Tomb of the Patriarchs -- The Baha'i Gardens and the BYU Jerusalem Center -- Conclusion -- References -- 4. Making a sense of place for Safranbolu World Heritage Site: An analysis of Safranbolu: Reflections of Time -- Introduction -- Sense of place and heritage discourse -- The significance of Safranbolu World Heritage Site -- Why Safranbolu: Reflections of Time? -- Discourse analysis of Safranbolu: Reflections of Time -- The socio-economic and cultural context in the 1970s -- Making sense of place from sadness and sorrow -- Narrative 1: The discourse of heritage against modernity.

Narrative 2: The discourse of home and uprootedness -- Narrative 3: Making sense of place from the discourse of nature-culture harmony -- Narrative 4: The discourse of craftsmen -- Cultural conservatism: The official heritage discourse of Safranbolu -- Summary and conclusion -- References -- 5. Cultural heritage and tourism in Tunisia: Evolution, challenges, and perspectives -- Introduction -- Tourism development in Tunisia -- The heritage and tourism interface in Tunisia -- Cultural heritage development in Tunisia -- The complexities of heritage tourism development in Tunisia -- Heritage valorisation through tourism in Tunisia -- Emergence of new safeguarding and heritage promotion practices -- Conclusion -- References -- 6. Touring 'our' past: World Heritage tourism and post-colonialism in Morocco -- Introduction -- Tourism, Orientalism, and the post-colonial state -- The Moroccan colonial context -- Tourism and heritage in Morocco -- The Archaeological Site of Volubilis -- Whose heritage is Volubilis? -- Conclusion -- References -- 7. National park or urban green space: The case of [Tel] Ashkelon -- Introduction -- Cultural heritage and archaeology -- Urban parks - between nature and heritage -- Visitor satisfaction and urban parks -- 2015 visitors survey -- 2019 triangulation of perspectives -- Occupied territories -- Multiple heritages -- Who are the beneficiaries? -- Conclusion - preservation of cultural heritage in the MENA -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 8. Cultural heritage in Palestine: Challenges and opportunities -- Introduction -- Legal issues -- The impact of the Israeli military occupation on conservation of cultural heritage in Palestine -- Facts on the ground -- Illegal Israeli settlements and bypass roads -- Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage -- Road map to cultural and archaeological site protection.

Activating Palestine's UNESCO membership -- Conclusion -- References -- 9. Visitors' expectation and experience in a World Heritage Site: Evidence from ancient G& -- #x000F6 -- bekli Tepe, Sanliurfa, Turkey -- Introduction -- Literature review -- Hypotheses -- Method -- Findings -- Visitor demographics -- Satisfaction -- Length of stay in Sanliurfa -- Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 10. Theme park Arabism: Disneyfying the UAE's heritage for Western tourist consumption -- Introduction -- Sanitising the past -- Disneyfying the past -- Conclusion - relocating a lost past -- References -- 11. Integrated cultural heritage planning in Egypt: A catalyst for tourism after the Arab Spring? -- Introduction -- Cultural heritage tourism in Egypt in the face of value chain analysis -- Governance and stewardship -- Comprehensive integrated planning approach -- Enforcing a strict regulatory framework for heritage region land use -- Site management programmes -- Local community engagement -- Conservation budgets -- Artefact recording and documentation -- Proactive strategy to combat looting -- Cultural heritage tourism marketing -- Visitor management, education, and satisfaction -- Moving towards integrated planning: The transformation of the Giza tourist region -- The Grand Egyptian Museum -- Tourist service projects and zoning schemes at the Giza Pyramids -- Sphinx International Airport -- Developing 'Sun City' as a tourist capital of Egypt -- Conclusion -- References -- 12. UNESCO's World Heritage Sites: The interplay between international and local branding for the Gonbad-e Q& -- #x00101 -- bus Brick Tower, Iran -- Introduction -- UNESCO, the mission of a big brand -- The role of local community -- Case study and methods -- The tallest brick tower in the world -- Local opinions in relation to WHS designation -- Conclusion -- References.

13. Factors influencing residents' perceptions toward heritage tourism: A gender perspective -- Introduction -- Literature review -- Theoretical framework -- Residents' perceptions toward tourism development -- Factors influencing residents' perceptions and role of gender -- Research methodology -- Study area -- Data collection -- Data analysis -- Results and findings -- Model assessment using PLS-SEM -- Hypothesis testing -- Importance-Performance Analysis -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 14. Climate change threats to cultural and heritage tourism in Iran -- Introduction -- Study region -- Methods -- Results -- Tourism Climatic Index -- Universal Thermal Comfort Index -- Discussion -- Summary and conclusion -- References -- 15. Conclusion: The futures of cultural heritage tourism in the MENA countries -- Constructing heritage -- Heritage, heritage tourism, and the ongoing politics of identity -- World Heritage -- Beyond World Heritage -- Destruction of heritage -- Climate change -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.