Intro -- HalfTitle -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Biographical Note -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Summary -- 1.2 Evolution and Tourism -- 1.3 Aim and Importance of the Book -- 1.4 Structure of the Book -- References -- 2. The Ancient History of Tourism (c.9000 BC-AD 650) -- 2.1 Summary -- 2.2 Visits to Temples, Sites of Sacredness and Religious Tourism -- 2.3 Visits to Oracles and People for Advice and Direction -- 2.4 Festivals, Festivities and Events -- 2.5 Early Forms of Gardens and Zoos -- 2.6 Trade and Ancient Cultural Routes -- 2.7 The Sports and 'Bloody' Games Period -- Case Study 2.1. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Travel Motivation -- Questions -- Case Study 2.2. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Satisfaction - an ancient human quest, and a concept of utmost importance for the current and future tourism and hospitality industry -- Questions -- References -- 3. Tourism during Post-Classical Times (500-1500) -- 3.1 Summary -- 3.2 Medieval Pilgrimage Travels -- The 'tangibilization' of the experience: souvenirs -- 3.3 Human Torture and Suffering as a Spectacle -- 3.4 Local Food and Delicacies for The Divine, Guests and Travellers - The Birth of Gastronomy Tourism (?) -- Cacao in festivals -- Food from hospitable monks to travellers -- Food markets -- 3.5 The Thematic and Representation of the Medieval in the Current Tourism Scene -- Case Study 3.1. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Macabre Spectacles and Displays - human suffering and death as a spectacle and the representation of human suffering and torture -- Questions -- Case Study 3.2. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Spiritual and Religious Tourism - spiritual seeking and impacts on religious places and sites -- Questions.

Case Study 3.3. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Gastronomy - the commercialization and globalization of local food delicacies and gastronomic tourism experiences for tourist consumption -- Questions -- References -- 4. Tourism during the Early Modern Period (1500-1750) 45 -- 4.1 Summary -- 4.2 The 'Grand Tour': The Establishment of the Travel/Route Itinerary and Cultural Tourism -- 4.3 Early Forms of Exhibitions and Museums -- Current challenges associated with cultural attractions and museums -- Case Study 4.1. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Developing and Promoting a Cultural and Heritage Route - the Contiki Tours case study -- Questions -- Case Study 4.2. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Modern Brand Museums - the Heineken Experience case study -- Questions -- References -- 5. Tourism during the Late Modern Period (1750-1945) -- 5.1 Summary -- 5.2 Trains as a Mode of Travel, Impacts and 'Experiential' Trains -- 5.3 'Luxury' in Hospitality and Travel: The Cases of César Ritz, Orient Express and Titanic -- 'Luxury' and 'luxurious experiences' in the current hospitality, travel and tourism scene -- The luxury triangle -- Challenges associated with the provision of 'luxurious' tourist experiences -- 5.4 The Formation of Tour Operators, National and Regional Tourism Organizations -- 5.5 The Great Influenza Epidemic and Influence on Travel -- 5.6 World War I, Interwar Period, World War II: The Establishment of 'Soldier/Uniform', 'War' and 'Battlefield' Tourism -- Case Study 5.1. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: A Regional Tourism Organization Case Study -- Questions.

Case Study 5.2. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: The Notion of 'Luxury' - offering luxurious service, products and experiences within the context of hospitality and tourism -- Questions -- References -- 6. Tourism during the Contemporary Period (1945-Early 2020s) -- 6.1 Summary -- 6.2 The Growth of the Airline Industry and its Evolution -- The current challenges facing the airline industry -- 6.3 Amusement Parks and Theme Parks -- 6.4 The 'Cold War' Period (Mid-1940s to Early 1990s) -- 6.5 The Hippies' Counterculture and their Travels during the 1960s and 1970s -- A visit to hippies' Christiania in Denmark -- 6.6 Mass Participation in Tourism in the Decades after World War II and its Impacts -- The steady rise of the Asian markets -- The rise of leisure and coastal destinations -- Uncontrolled tourism development during the 1970s and early 2000s, the notions of 'carrying capacity' and 'sustainability' -- Tourism impacts in the 2000s and 2010s, and the 'greening' of the tourism sector -- 6.7 The Events of 9/11, Terrorism, and Impacts over the Travel Industry -- 6.8 The Growth of Niche Forms of Tourism -- Ski and snowboard tourism -- Film tourism -- 6.9 The Birth and Rise of the 'Airbnb' Phenomenon -- 6.10 The Pandemic of COVID-19 and Tourism Impacts -- Tourist mobility and economic costs -- Social and psychological costs, and impacts on the notion of 'hospitality' -- 6.11 How the Global Tourism and Hospitality Industry Reacted to and Addressed the Challenges caused by COVID-19 -- The hospitality and travel industry stepping in, to help society -- Measures and practices used by the tourism and hospitality industry -- The days following the pandemic.

Case Study 6.1. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: The Notion of 'Quality' - quality products, services and experiences, ISO and quality of life in the hospitality, travel and tourism industry -- Expectations and perceptions of quality and the SERVQUAL tool -- The ISO story -- 'Quality of life' for people working in the hospitality and tourism industry -- Questions -- Case Study 6.2. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Tourism Development at Leisure and Coastal Destinations, Impacts, Theories, and the Focus for Sustainability and Rejuvenation -- Plog's 'Rise and Fall' of destinations -- Tourism Area Life Cycle Model -- Questions -- Case Study 6.3. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Tourist Unethical and Unruly Behaviour, and Conflicts between Locals and Tourists -- Doxey's 'Irridex' or 'Irritation index' -- Questions -- Case Study 6.4. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Experiential cruises - the Royal Caribbean case study -- Questions -- References -- 7. The Future of Tourism and Hospitality (?) -- 7.1 Summary -- 7.2 Tourism in the Future (?) -- Future impacts on tourism -- Future impacts of tourism -- The ceaseless human quest for satisfaction, fulfilment and the 'new' -- The response of the industry and the academic community regarding new tourism-related issues and changes -- Case Study 7.1. Bridging the Tourism Past, with the Present and the Future: Virtual Reality in Tourism and Hospitality - the First Airlines case study in Japan -- Questions -- References -- Epilogue -- Index -- Backcover.