List of Illustrations | p. xi |
List of Tables | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Maps | p. xvii |
Introduction | p. xxxi |
Weights, Measures, and Currencies | p. xxxix |
Acronyms and Abbreviations | p. xli |
Part I Technological and Organizational Change in Europe,1840-1914 | p. 1 |
Chapter 1 European Wine on the Eve of the Railways | p. 3 |
What Is Wine? | p. 3 |
Family Producers | p. 7 |
The Production of Grapes prior to Phylloxera | p. 11 |
Traditional Wine-Making Technologies | p. 17 |
Markets, Institutions, and Wine Consumption | p. 21 |
The Development of Fine Export Wines | p. 24 |
Chapter 2 Phylloxera and the Development of Scientific Viti-Viniculture | p. 30 |
The Growth in Wine Consumption in Producer Countries | p. 31 |
Phylloxera and the Destruction of Europe's Vines | p. 34 |
Phylloxera and the International Response in Spain and Italy | p. 41 |
Wine Making, Economies of Scale and the Spread of Viticulture to Hot Climates | p. 48 |
La Viticulture Industrielle and Vertical Integration: Wine Production in the Midi | p. 53 |
Chapter 3 Surviving Success in the Midi: Growers, Merchants, and the State | p. 58 |
Phylloxera and Wine Adulteration | p. 59 |
Politics, Phylloxera, and the Vineyard during France's Third Republic | p. 63 |
The Midi: From Shortage to Overproduction | p. 65 |
From Informal to Formal Cooperation: La Cave Cooperative Vinicole | p. 71 |
Part II The Causes of Export Failure | p. 77 |
Chapter 4 Selling to Reluctant Drinkers: The British Market and the International Wine Trade | p. 81 |
The Political Economy of the Wine Trade in Britain prior to 1860 | p. 83 |
Gladstone and the Rise and Decline in Consumption in the Late Nineteenth Century | p. 87 |
The Retail Market and Product Adulteration | p. 92 |
Who Controls the Chain? Experiments at "Buyer-Led" Commodity Chains | p. 98 |
Part III Institutional Innovation: Regional Appellations | p. 107 |
Chapter 5 Bordeaux | p. 111 |
Claret, Trade, and the Organization of Production | p. 112 |
The 1855 Classification and the Branding of Claret | p. 115 |
Supply Volatility, Vine Disease, and the Decline in Reputation of Fine Claret | p. 120 |
Response to Overproduction: A Regional Appellation | p. 126 |
Chapter 6 Champagne | p. 132 |
The Myth of Dom Perignon and the Development of Champagne | p. 134 |
Economies of Scale, Brands, and Marketing 138 The Response to Phylloxera | p. 141 |
Organization of a Regional Appellation | p. 145 |
Chapter 7 Port | p. 154 |
Port and the British Market | p. 155 |
Product Development and the Demands of a Mass Market | p. 159 |
Rent Seeking, Fraud, and Regional Appellations | p. 164 |
Chapter 8 From Sherry to Spanish White | p. 171 |
The Organization of Wine Production in Jerez | p. 172 |
Sherry and the British Market | p. 178 |
Product Innovation and Cost Control | p. 183 |
Wine Quality and the Demand for a Regional Appellation | p. 187 |
Part IV The Great Divergence: The Growth of Industrial Wine Production in the New World | p. 191 |
Chapter 9 Big Business and American Wine: The California Wine Association | p. 195 |
Creating Vineyards and Wineries in a Labor-Scarce Economy | p. 197 |
Production Instability and the Creation of the California Wine Association | p. 204 |
The California Wine Association and the Market for California's Wines | p. 209 |
Chapter 10 Australia: The Tyranny of Distance and Domestic Beer Drinkers | p. 220 |
Learning Grape Growing and Wine Making | p. 221 |
Organization of Wine Production | p. 225 |
In Search of Markets | p. 230 |
Chapter 11 Argentina: New World Producers and Old World Consumers | p. 240 |
Establishing the Industry | p. 242 |
Redefining the Industry | p. 248 |
The Limits to Growth and the Return to Crisis | p. 256 |
Conclusion | p. 263 |
Old World Producers and Consumers | p. 263 |
New World Producers and Consumers | p. 267 |
The Wine Industry in the Twentieth Century | p. 270 |
Appendix 1 Vineyards and Wineries | p. 273 |
A.1 Area of Vines and Output per Winery in France, 1924 and 1934 | p. 274 |
A.2 Number of Growers and Area of Vines by County, California, 1891 | p. 276 |
A.3 Winery Size in the Midi and Algeria, 1903 | p. 278 |
Appendix 2 Wine Prices | p. 279 |
A.4 Farm and Paris Wine Prices, July 1910 | p. 279 |
A.5 Price List, Berry Brothers, London, 1909 | p. 281 |
Glossary | p. 291 |
Bibliography | p. 293 |
Index | p. 313 |